The orbital ellipticity of satellite galaxies and the mass of the Milky Way
Open accessAbstract
We use simulations of Milky Way-sized dark matter haloes from the Aquarius Project to investigate the orbits of substructure haloes likely, according to a semi-analytic galaxy formation model, to host luminous satellites. These tend to populate the most massive subhaloes and are on more radial orbits than the majority of subhaloes found within the halo virial radius. One reason for this (mild) kinematic bias is that many low-mass subhaloes have apocentres that exceed the virial radius of the host; they are thus excluded from subhalo samples identified within the virial boundary, reducing the number of subhaloes on radial orbits. Two other factors contributing to the difference in orbital shape between dark and luminous subhaloes are their dynamical evolution after infall, which affects more markedly low-mass (dark) subhaloes, and a weak dependence of ellipticity on the redshift of first infall. The ellipticity distribution of luminous satellites exhibits little halo-to-halo scatter, and it may therefore be compared fruitfully with that of Milky Way satellites. Since the latter depends sensitively on the total mass of the Milky Way we can use the predicted distribution of satellite ellipticities to place constraints on this important parameter. Using the latest estimates of position and velocity of dwarfs compiled from the literature, we find that the most likely Milky Way mass lies in the range 6 × 1011 M⊙ < M200 < 3.1 × 1012 M⊙, with a best-fitting value of M200 = 1.1 × 1012 M⊙. This value is consistent with Milky Way mass estimates based on dynamical tracers or the timing argument.
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Starkenburg, E., Helmi, A., Lucia, G. D., Li, Y.-S., Navarro, J. F., Font, A. S., Frenk, C. S., Springel, V., Vera-Ciro, C. A., & White, S. D. M. (2012) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sts367 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationRadial velocities for outlying satellites and their implications for the mass of the Galaxy
Hartwick, F. D. A., & Sargent, W. L. W. (1978) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/156053 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Determining orbits for the Milky Way's dwarfs
Lux, H., Read, J. I., & Lake, G. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16877.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The red giant branch tip and bump of the Leo II dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Bellazzini, M., Gennari, N., & Ferraro, F. R. (2005) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09027.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
A photometric and spectroscopic study of the new dwarf spheroidal galaxy in Hercules
Adén, D., Feltzing, S., Koch, A., Wilkinson, M. I., Grebel, E. K., Lundström, I., Gilmore, G. F., Zucker, D. B., Belokurov, V. A., Evans, N. W., et al. (2009) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912718 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The distribution of ejected subhaloes and its implication for halo assembly bias
Wang, H., Mo, H. J., & Jing, Y. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14884.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Piatek, S., Pryor, C. P., Olszewski, E. W., et al. (2002) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/344767 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The distance to the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy from the red giant branch tip
Monaco, L., Bellazzini, M., Ferraro, F. R., et al. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08122.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The distance to the Leo I dwarf spheroidal galaxy from the red giant branch tip
Bellazzini, M., Gennari, N., Ferraro, F. R., et al. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08226.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
On the nature of the Milky Way satellitesPreprint
Li, Y.-S., Lucia, G. D., & Helmi, A. (2009) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Pietrzyński, G., Górski, M., Gieren, W., et al. (2009) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/2/459 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Pietrzyński, G., Gieren, W., Szewczyk, O., et al. (2013) · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The mass of the Milky Way Galaxy
Kulessa, A. S., & Lynden-Bell, D. (1992) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/255.1.105 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Pasetto, S., Grebel, E. K., Berczik, P., et al. (2010) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913415 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Dynamics of Galactic Satellites: Links to Galaxy Formation
Lux, H. (2010) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-46953 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A photometric and spectroscopic study of the new dwarf spheroidal galaxy in Hercules
Adén, D., Feltzing, S., Koch, A., et al. (2009) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0908.3489 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
On the common mass scale of the Milky Way satellites
Li, Y.-S., Helmi, A., Lucia, G. D., & Stoehr, F. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00690.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A FIRST MEASUREMENT OF THE PROPER MOTION OF THE LEO II DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY
Lépine, S., Koch, A., Rich, R. M., et al. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/741/2/100 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Slippery evidence on the Galaxy's invisible heavy halo
Lynden-Bell, D., Cannon, R. D., & Godwin, P. J. (1983) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/204.1.87p · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The solar neighbourhood in angle coordinates: the Hyades moving group
McMillan, P. J. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19520.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
On the common mass scale of the Milky Way satellitesPreprint
Li, Y.-S., Helmi, A., Lucia, G. D., & Stoehr, F. (2009) · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A first measurement of the proper motion of the Leo II dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Lépine, S., Koch, A., Rich, R. M., et al. (2011) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 30 · see citing works
PROPER MOTION OF THE SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY BASED ONHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEIMAGING
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EPISODIC STARBURSTS IN DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES: A SIMPLE MODEL
Nichols, M., Lin, D. N. C., & Bland‐Hawthorn, J. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/748/2/149 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Planck Collaboration et al., 2013, preprint (arXiv:e-prints)
- Rigaut F. et al., 2012, in Ellerbroek B. L., Marchetti E., Véran J.-P., eds, Proc. SPIE Conf. Ser., Vol. 8447, Adaptive Optics Systems III. SPIE, Bellingham, 84470I Sales L. V., Navarro J. F., Abadi M. G., Steinmetz M., 2007a, MNRAS, 379, 1464
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The milky way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2
Cautun, M., Benítez-Llambay, A., Deason, A. J., Frenk, C. S., Fattahi, A., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., Oman, K. A., Navarro, J. F., & Simpson, C. M. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1017 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
“…2012; Wang et al. 2012; Cautun et al. 2014a; Hellwing et al. 2016) while the radial mass profile plays a key role in determining the orbits of satellite galaxies and tidal streams (e.g. Barber et al. 2014; Monachesi et al. 2019a; Fritz et al. 2018; Cautun et al. 2019; Garavito-Camargo et al. 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Milky Way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia DR2
Cautun, M., Benitez-Llambay, A., Deason, A. J., Frenk, C. S., Fattahi, A., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., Oman, K. A., Navarro, J. F., & Simpson, C. M. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1911.04557 · Cited by 335
Self-citationThe apostle project: Local Group kinematic mass constraints and simulation candidate selection
Fattahi, A., Navarro, J. F., Sawala, T., Frenk, C. S., Oman, K. A., Crain, R. A., Furlong, M., Schaller, M., Schaye, J., Theuns, T., et al. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2970 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationThe mass of the Milky Way from satellite dynamics
Callingham, T. M., Cautun, M., Deason, A. J., Frenk, C. S., Wang, W., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., Marinacci, F., & Pakmor, R. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz365 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Estimating the dark matter halo mass of our Milky Way using dynamical tracers
Wang, W., Han, J., Cooper, A. P., Cole, S., Frenk, C., & Lowing, B. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1647 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barber, C., Starkenburg, E., Navarro, J. F., McConnachie, A. W., & Fattahi, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Victoria (CA)
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA)
- Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (CA)
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-11-11
- Volume
- 437
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 959-967
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2137505185
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- NPARC (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
- Virgo Consortium
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- Milky Way mass, dark matter subhalos, radial orbits, Aquarius Project, Milky Way satellites, dwarf spheroidal galaxies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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