Inference of the Demographic Histories and Selective Effects of Human Gut Commensal Microbiota Over the Course of Human History
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Abstract
Despite the importance of gut commensal microbiota to human health, there is little knowledge about their evolutionary histories, including their demographic histories and distributions of fitness effects (DFEs) of mutations. Here, we infer the demographic histories and DFEs for amino acid-changing mutations of 39 of the most prevalent and abundant commensal gut microbial species found in Westernized individuals over timescales exceeding human generations. Some species display contractions in population size and others expansions, with several of these events coinciding with several key historical moments in human history. DFEs across species vary from highly to mildly deleterious, with differences between accessory and core gene DFEs largely driven by genetic drift. Within genera, DFEs tend to be more congruent, reflective of underlying phylogenetic relationships. Together, these findings suggest that gut microbes have distinct demographic and selective histories.
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The higher biodiversity observed in non-Westernized settings is consistent with more heterogeneous dietary and environmental exposures allowing a broader range of accessory gene content to persist than in industrialized populations.
“This characteristic is consistent with the higher biodiversity observed in non-Westernized settings, where more heterogeneous dietary and environmental exposures may allow a broader range of accessory gene content to persist than is usually observed in genomes from industrialized populations [73-75] .”
From Genome-scale insights into the metabolic landscape and evolutionary development of Bifidobacterium bifidum (2026) · cites this paper as [75]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports greater species-, gene-, and nucleotide-level diversity in rural African than urban Western microbiomes and identifies shifts in diet as a possible contributor. The Results (page unavailable) also find lower nucleotide diversity in North American than rural African microbiomes. The paper does not establish that heterogeneous dietary and environmental exposures allow broader accessory-gene content to persist in non-Westernized populations. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Nayfach S., Pollard K.S., 2015. Population genetic analyses of metagenomes reveal extensive strain-level variation in prevalent human-associated bacteria. bioRxiv 031757.
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- Mah, J. C., Lohmueller, K. E., & Garud, N. R.
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- Garud, Nandita R
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- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- NIGMS NIH (T32 5T32GM008185, R35GM151023, R35GM119856, 2240098)
- Paul Allen Research Foundation
- UC Hellman Fellows
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, demography, genetic drift, accessory genes, core genes, historical demography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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