Subsistence strategies in traditional societies distinguish gut microbiomes
Open accessAbstract
Recent studies suggest that gut microbiomes of urban-industrialized societies are different from those of traditional peoples. Here we examine the relationship between lifeways and gut microbiota through taxonomic and functional potential characterization of faecal samples from hunter-gatherer and traditional agriculturalist communities in Peru and an urban-industrialized community from the US. We find that in addition to taxonomic and metabolic differences between urban and traditional lifestyles, hunter-gatherers form a distinct sub-group among traditional peoples. As observed in previous studies, we find that Treponema are characteristic of traditional gut microbiomes. Moreover, through genome reconstruction (2.2–2.5 MB, coverage depth × 26–513) and functional potential characterization, we discover these Treponema are diverse, fall outside of pathogenic clades and are similar to Treponema succinifaciens, a known carbohydrate metabolizer in swine. Gut Treponema are found in non-human primates and all traditional peoples studied to date, suggesting they are symbionts lost in urban-industrialized societies.
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Gut microbiota of eight hunter-gatherer or rural farming populations has greater bacterial diversity than Western populations.
“The gut microbiota of eight hunter–gatherer or rural farming populations in various parts of the world showed increased bacterial diversity compared with those of Western populations19,40,52–55.”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
The gut bacteria of urban-industrialized populations often have high abundances of Bacteroides, while the gut bacteria from traditional hunter-gatherer or agropastoral societies have higher abundances of Prevotella.
“The gut bacteria of urban-industrialized populations often have high abundances of Bacteroides, while the gut bacteria from traditional hunter-gatherer or agropastoral societies have higher abundances of Prevotella [22–28].”
From Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
Bacteroides has been used to distinguish between developing (low Bacteroides abundance) and industrialized (high Bacteroides abundance) populations.
“Bacteroides has been used to distinguish between developing (low Bacteroides abundance) and industrialized (high Bacteroides abundance) populations [22–28, 30]”
From Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
The Hadza have the highest abundance of Prevotellaceae and Spirochetaceae among populations in this cohort.
“they have the highest abundance of Prevotellaceae and Spirochetaceae [24–27, 30]”
From Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
Treponema within family Spirochetaceae is a common constituent of hunter-gatherer gut microbiomes and a catabolizer of fibrous plant materials (cellulose and xylans) that form a large component of Hadza diets.
“in particular, the genus Treponema within family Spirochetaceae, which is a common constituent of hunter-gatherer gut microbiomes [24–27, 30] and a catabolizer of fibrous plant materials (cellulose and xylans) that form a large component of Hadza diets [24]”
From Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Obregon-Tito, A. J., Tito, R. Y., Metcalf, J., Sankaranarayanan, K., Clemente, J. C., Ursell, L. K., Zech Xu, Z., Van Treuren, W., Knight, R., Gaffney, P. M., Spicer, P., Lawson, P., Marin-Reyes, L., Trujillo-Villarroel, O., Foster, M., Guija-Poma, E., Troncoso-Corzo, L., Warinner, C., Ozga, A. T., & Lewis, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Científica del Sur (PE)
- City Of Hope National Medical Center (US)
- University of Oklahoma (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (US)
- Instituto Nacional de Salud (PE)
- Old Dominion University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lewis, Cecil M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2015-03-25
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6505-6505
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4386023
- OpenAlex
- W2063890406
- Cited by
- 587
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 19.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0845314, U54GM104938)
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hg005172-03, R01 HG005172)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (R01-HG005172)
- National Cancer Institute (R25CA085771)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM089886, U54GM104938)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, subsistence strategies, hunter-gatherers, Treponema, gut microbiota diversity, functional potential, carbohydrate metabolism, fecal microbiota
- MeSH terms
- Industrial Development, Bacillota, Firmicutes, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adolescent, Adult, Agriculture, Child, Child, Preschool, Classification, Diet, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Oklahoma, Peru, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Treponema, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Biodiversity, Metagenome, Young Adult, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Diet, Paleolithic
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