Smokers' responses toward cigarette pack warning labels in predicting quit intention, stage of change, and self-efficacy
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION: This paper is concerned with the effects of cigarette pack warning labels on quitting intentions. We examined whether different responses among smokers toward cigarette pack warning labels could predict quit intentions and self-efficacy in quitting. Variables studied were "noticing warning labels during last month," "reading or looking closely at warning labels," "avoiding looking at labels during last month," "thinking about health risks of smoking because of the warning labels, "more likely to quit because of the warning labels," and "stopping from having a cigarette when about to smoke one because of the labels." METHODS: A total of 2,006 adult smokers in Malaysia were surveyed in face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire. Of those, 1,919 male smokers were included in the analyses. RESULTS: The responses "more likely to quit because of the warning labels" and "stopped from having a cigarette when about to smoke one" significantly predicted all stages of change and self-efficacy, independent of the other measures. In addition, thinking about the health risks and reading the warnings more often added extra predictive capacity but only in the early stages of contemplating change. DISCUSSION: Less intense processing of the information may be important in initiating thoughts, but cognitions about quitting and foregoing cigarettes are the key mechanisms by which warnings stimulate quitting intentions and help smokers feel capable of succeeding. Malaysian smokers appear to respond to warnings in ways comparable with those from developed countries.
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Smokers who report noticing warning labels also report greater intentions to quit and higher stages of change and self-efficacy.
“Smokers who report noticing warning labels also report greater intentions to quit141 and higher stages of change and self-efficacy.142”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [142]
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- Authors
- Fathelrahman, A. I., Omar, M., Awang, R., Borland, R., Fong, G. T., Hammond, D., & Zain, Z.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Ministry of Health (MY)
- Venue
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-02-26
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 248-253
- ISSN
- 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-994X
- PMC
- PMC2666375
- OpenAlex
- W2112180134
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Waterloo
- Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
- National Institutes of Health
- Cancer Council Victoria
- National Cancer Institute (1P50 CA11236-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, smoking cessation intentions, self-efficacy, stages of change, health risk perception, tobacco control
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Health, Consumer Product Safety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Malaysia, Male, Middle Aged, Product Labeling, Surveys and Questionnaires, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Self Efficacy, Intention, Young Adult
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