Graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels and adverse outcomes: evidence from Canadian smokers
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: We assessed the impact of graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels. METHODS: We used a longitudinal telephone survey of 616 adult smokers. RESULTS: Approximately one fifth of participants reported smoking less as a result of the labels; only 1% reported smoking more. Although participants reported negative emotional responses to the warnings including fear (44%) and disgust (58%), smokers who reported greater negative emotion were more likely to have quit, attempted to quit, or reduced their smoking 3 months later. Participants who attempted to avoid the warnings (30%) were no less likely to think about the warnings or engage in cessation behavior at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Policymakers should not be reluctant to introduce vivid or graphic warnings for fear of adverse outcomes.
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One observational study revealed that Canadian smokers who avoided pictorial warnings were equally likely to think about the warnings or engage in cessation behaviour than those who did not attempt to avoid the warnings.
“One observational study revealed that Canadian smokers who avoided pictorial warnings were equally likely to think about the warnings or engage in cessation behaviour than those who did not attempt to avoid the warnings.93”
From Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies (2016) · cites this paper as [93]
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- Authors
- Hammond, D., Fong, G. T., McDonald, P. W., Brown, K. S., & Cameron, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1442-1445
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC1448469
- OpenAlex
- W2119877812
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA 90955, R01CA090955)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- graphic warning labels, cigarette warning labels, smoking behavior, smoking cessation, fear, disgust, tobacco control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Audiovisual Aids, Avoidance Learning, Fear, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Education, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Negativism, Ontario, Product Labeling, Surveys and Questionnaires, Smoking, Nicotiana, Logistic Models, Smoking Cessation
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