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QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN THE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE1
Abstract
SANDER GREENLAND; QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN THE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE 1, Epidemiologic Reviews, Volume 9, Issue 1, 1 January 1987, Pages 1–30, https:
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“Our meta-analysis supersedes previous stud- ies12 14 because it includes case-control studies (omitted in the study of Myers and Basinski12); pools data from a more compre- hensive set of studies (15 cohort studies compared with 11 analysed in Myers and Basinski,12 and five by Greenland14); and stratifies the analyses by disease end point, smoking, and sex.”
From Does coffee drinking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? Results from a meta‐analysis (1994) · cites this paper as [14]
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“One limitation of the prospective study design is the lag time between exposure assessment and outcome, which might potentially obscure acute effects of coffee intake on risk of heart disease.'4”
From Does coffee drinking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? Results from a meta‐analysis (1994) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Natural logarithms of fixed study effects (RRs) were weighted by their inverse variances, computed from standard errors (1/SE2) so that larger, more precise studies carried more weight (Greenland, 1987; Hedges, 1994; IBM Corporation, 2019).”
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“50 Three studies among the studies included in our meta-analysis provided both an adult BMI-adjusted RR and an adult BMI-unadjusted RR. 21,23,28 When we limited the analysis to studies that had adjusted for adult BMI as a secondary analysis, we found that the positive association be-tween early age at menarche and met…”
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“control study was used as an estimate of the RR because the incidence of CRC was sufficiently rare((23)).”
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“For dose-response analysis, we used the G-L method (Greenland, 1987; Orsini et al., 2012) to explore the relationship between tea consumption and bladder cancer risk.”
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“ORs and HRs were deemed equivalent to RRs because the prevalence of PC is rare.(39) The RRs with corresponding 95% CIs were pooled using the DerSimonian and Laird(40) random-effects model (randomeffects models consider both within-study and between-study variability).”
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“We also note that the accuracy of ls and us may be improved using a second-order correction as suggested by Hall (1982) and Cai (2005).”
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“Due to the low incidence of prostate cancer, the relative risk ratio can be mathematically approximated by the OR [12].”
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Li, H., Wan, L., Zhang, X., Ma, X., & Zhang, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.578071 · Cited by 33
“Results, including odds ratios (ORs), relative risks (RRs), or hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 2 February 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 578071 (CIs), or indirect data for the calculation of the risk estimates were noted.”
BackgroundInfluentialQiang, Y., Li, Q., Xin, Y., Fang, X., Tian, Y., Ma, J., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Zhang, R., Wang, J., et al. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10070835 · Cited by 33
“In this meta-analysis, because the incidence of EC is relatively rare in all populations, the RR and HR were deemed equivalent to OR, and the summary results are reported as an OR for simplicity [14].”
BackgroundMeta-analysis of failure-time Data with Adjustment for Covariates
Hunink, M. G. M., & Wong, J. B. (1994) · Medical Decision Making · doi:10.1177/0272989x9401400108 · Cited by 33
Prognostic value of hemoglobin in patients with sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhu, J., Dong, Y., Liao, P., Yin, X. H., He, J., & Guo, L. (2023) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.12.001 · Cited by 33
Ma, X., Zhao, L., Sun, J., Yang, Y., Zheng, J.-L., Gao, J., & Xiang, Y. (2015) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0000000000000186 · Cited by 32
“We assumed that estimates of ORs from case–control studies and RRs or hazard ratios from cohort studies were all valid estimates of the RR; therefore, we reported all results using RRs for simplicity (Greenland, 1987).”
MethodHorita, N., Hashimoto, S., Miyazawa, N., Fujita, H., Kojima, R., Inoue, M., Ueda, A., Ishigatsubo, Y., & Kaneko, T. (2015) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4015 · Cited by 32
“We used a fixed model with the confidence interval (CI) method (32) to estimate the pooled OR.”
MethodShao, C., Zhao, W., Qi, Z., & He, J. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000002447 · Cited by 32
“This combining step is based on the assumption that the prevalence of glioma was rare.(50) We estimated the pooled RR with corresponding 95% CI using the random-effects model that accounts for heterogeneity between studies.”
Clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of femoral head necrosis
Li, W., Ye, Z., Wang, W., et al. (2016) · Der Orthopäde · doi:10.1007/s00132-016-3360-8 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- GREENLAND, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- GREENLAND, SANDER
- ORCID
- GREENLAND, SANDER
- Venue
- Epidemiologic Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1987
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-30
- ISSN
- 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1478-6729
- OpenAlex
- W1894101563
- Cited by
- 1,644
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 21.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Keywords
- meta-analysis, quantitative methods, heterogeneity of study results
- MeSH terms
- Epidemiology, Humans, Mathematics, Models, Theoretical, Regression Analysis, Review Literature as Topic
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