The DOI matches its Crossref record.
QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN THE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE1
Abstract
SANDER GREENLAND; QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN THE REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC LITERATURE 1, Epidemiologic Reviews, Volume 9, Issue 1, 1 January 1987, Pages 1–30, https:
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Our meta-analysis supersedes previous stud- ies12 14 because it includes case-control studies (omitted in the study of Myers and Basinski12); pools data from a more compre- hensive set of studies (15 cohort studies compared with 11 analysed in Myers and Basinski,12 and five by Greenland14); and stratifies the analyses by disease end point, smoking, and sex.”
From Does coffee drinking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? Results from a meta‐analysis (1994) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“One limitation of the prospective study design is the lag time between exposure assessment and outcome, which might potentially obscure acute effects of coffee intake on risk of heart disease.'4”
From Does coffee drinking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? Results from a meta‐analysis (1994) · cites this paper as [14]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,004
Impact of occupations and job tasks on the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Hagberg, M., Morgenstern, H., & Kelsh, M. A. (1992) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1564 · Cited by 260
Efficacy of quinolone prophylaxis in neutropenic cancer patients: a meta-analysis.
Engels, E. A., Lau, J. T. F., & Barza, M. J. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1998.16.3.1179 · Cited by 256
Bhattacharjee, S., Rajaraman, P., Jacobs, K. B., Wheeler, W. A., Melin, B. S., Hartge, P. A., Yeager, M., Chung, C. C., Chanock, S. J., & Chatterjee, N. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.015 · Cited by 248
Invited review: Use of meta-analysis in animal health and reproduction: Methods and applications
Lean, I. J., Rabiee, A. R., Duffield, T. F., & Dohoo, I. R. (2009) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2140 · Cited by 265
“If heterogeneity is present, the summary measure must be interpreted with caution (Greenland, 1987).”
BackgroundSubramanian, V., Saxena, S. K., Kang, J.-Y., & Pollok, R. (2008) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01942.x · Cited by 255
“Because of the inconsistency in reporting adjusted risk estimates, we estimated the degree of confounding produced by uncontrolled variables in studies that did not report adjusted risk estimates by using a factorization of the relative risk by external adjustment (37).”
MethodCoffee Reduces Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Meta-analysis
Bravi, F., Bosetti, C., Tavani, A., Gallus, S., & Vecchia, C. L. (2013) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.039 · Cited by 252
Issues in Comparisons Between Meta-analyses and Large Trials
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.14.1089 · Cited by 246
Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly
Jefferson, T., Pietrantonj, C. D., Al‐Ansary, L. A., Ferroni, E., Thorning, S., & Thomas, R. E. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004876.pub3 · Cited by 283
Prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer: A meta-analysis of 30 studies
Azim, H. A., Santoro, L., Russell‐Edu, W., Pentheroudakis, G. E., Pavlidis, N. A., & Peccatori, F. A. (2012) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.06.004 · Cited by 251
Hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: Results from epidemiologic studies
Colditz, G. A., Egan, K. M., & Stampfer, M. J. (1993) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(11)90784-4 · Cited by 247
Grosso, G., Micek, A., Marventano, S., Castellano, S., Mistretta, A., Pajak, A., & Galvano, F. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.011 · Cited by 244
“In this meta-analysis, ORs and HRs were deemed equivalent to relative risks (RRs) (Greenland, 1987).”
MethodSchmid, C. H., Stark, P. C., Berlin, J. A., Landais, P., & Lau, J. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.12.001 · Cited by 245
“Greenland has suggested the possibility of applying correction factors for studies that do not adjust for a given confounder [57].”
BackgroundLi, Y., Li, Y., Li, X., Zhang, S., Zhao, J., Zhu, X., & Tian, G. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169650 · Cited by 258
Bots, M. L., Westerink, J., Rabelink, T. J., & de Koning, E. J. P. (2004) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi017 · Cited by 240
Lucenteforte, E., Vecchia, C. L., Silverman, D. T., Petersen, G. M., Bracci, P. M., Ji, B.-T., Bosetti, C., Li, D., Gallinger, S., Miller, A. B., et al. (2011) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr120 · Cited by 251
“Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using a v(2) statistic [64].”
MethodCancer among Farmers: A Meta-Analysis
Acquavella, J., Olsen, G. W., Cole, P. A., Ireland, B. K., Kaneene, J. B., Schuman, S. H., & Holden, L. R. (1998) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00120-8 · Cited by 238
N-Acetylcysteine for the Prevention of Radiocontrast Induced Nephropathy
Kshirsagar, A. V., Poole, C., Mottl, A. K., Shoham, D. A., Franceschini, N., Tudor, G., Agrawal, M., Denu-Ciocca, C., Ohman, E. M., & Finn, W. F. (2004) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000116241.47678.49 · Cited by 236
“Furthermore, interpretation of any results for study or patient characteristics that must be represented by study population average values or percentages are prone to the ecologic fallacy (25).”
BackgroundBenjamin, D. K., Poole, C., Steinbach, W. J., Rowen, J. L., & Walsh, T. J. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.112.3.634 · Cited by 232
ANANTH, C., SAVITZ, D., & WILLIAMS, M. (1996) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(96)00088-9 · Cited by 236
Godos, J., Zappalà, G., Bernardini, S., Giambini, I., Bes‐Rastrollo, M., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2016) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2016.1221900 · Cited by 247
“In this meta-analysis, ORs and HRs were deemed equivalent to relative risks (RRs) (Greenland 1987).”
MethodAnanth, C. (1999) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00408-6 · Cited by 236
M235T angiotensinogen gene polymorphism and cardiovascular renal risk
Staessen, J. A., Kuznetsova, T., Wang, J. G., Emelianov, D., VLIETINCK, R. F., & Fagard, R. (1999) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199917010-00003 · Cited by 235
Bioulac, S., Micoulaud‐Franchi, J., Arnaud, M., Sagaspe, P., Moore, N. D., Salvo, F., & Philip, P. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx134 · Cited by 240
“Meta-regressions may also be affected by certain limitations such as aggregation and ecological bias.(50) A publication bias could also affect the results of the present meta-analysis.”
ResultInkster, M. E., Fahey, T. P., Donnan, P. T., Leese, G. P., Mires, G. J., & Murphy, D. J. (2006) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-6-30 · Cited by 233
“We calculated the 25th and 75th percentiles and divided the log relative risk by the difference of these 2 values to give an estimate of the effect of a 1-percent change in HbA1c [12].”
Grosso, G., Micek, A., Castellano, S., Pajak, A., & Galvano, F. (2015) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201500620 · Cited by 233
Macchia, A., Marchioli, R., Marfisi, R., et al. (2007) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.02.037 · Cited by 233
Graphical displays for meta-analysis: An overview with suggestions for practice
Anzures‐Cabrera, J., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2010) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.6 · Cited by 233
“These should resemble a normal distribution if the assumptions of the model hold [62].”
BackgroundOccupational exposure to diesel exhaust and lung cancer: a meta-analysis.
Lipsett, M., & Campleman, S. L. (1999) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.89.7.1009 · Cited by 228
Does Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Liu, Y., Hu, F., Li, D., Wang, F., Zhu, L., Chen, W., Ge, J., An, R., & Zhao, Y. (2011) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.07.007 · Cited by 231
“RR,whichwas defined as the ratio of the pooled results of the maximally and minimally adjusted RRs, was calculated to assess the relative impact of adjustment [51].”
MethodHypertension and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Han, H., Guo, W. P., Shi, W., Yu, Y., Zhang, Y., Ye, X., & He, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep44877 · Cited by 231
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Colorectal Cancer Risk—A Meta-Analysis
Shivappa, N., Godos, J., Hébert, J. R., Wirth, M., Piuri, G., Speciani, A. F., & Grosso, G. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9091043 · Cited by 243
“In this meta-analysis, ORs and HRs were deemed equivalent to relative risks (RRs) [50].”
MethodKim, S. R., Kim, K., Lee, S. A., Kwon, S. O., Lee, J., Keum, N., & Park, S. M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11040826 · Cited by 239
Costet, N., Villanueva, C. M., Jaakkola, J. J. K., Kogevinas, M., Cantor, K. P., King, W. D., Lynch, C. F., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., & Cordier, S. (2011) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2010.062703 · Cited by 231
Pesticide exposure and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yan, D., Zhang, Y., Liu, L., & Yan, H. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32222 · Cited by 276
“We chose ORs as a common measure to assess the relationship between pesticides exposure and AD because when the outcome is rare, ORs, hazard ratios (HRs), and relative risks (RRs) provide similar estimates of risk 39 .”
Effect of HMGcoA Reductase Inhibitors on Stroke
Bucher, H. C., Griffith, L. E., & Guyatt, G. H. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00002 · Cited by 229
Alcohol drinking and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta‐analysis of the dose‐risk relation
Tramacere, I., Scotti, L., Jenab, M., Bagnardi, V., Bellocco, R., Rota, M., Corrao, G., Bravi, F., Boffetta, P., & Vecchia, C. L. (2009) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.24936 · Cited by 230
“, as weighed averages using the inverse of the variance of the log(RR) as weight), and we assessed the heterogeneity among studies using the v(2) test.(57) When significant heterogeneity (defined as a p-value for heterogeneity less than 0.”
MethodSystematic review: Exposure to pets and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms
Apelberg, B. J., Aoki, Y., & Jaakkola, J. J. K. (2001) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2001.113240 · Cited by 226
Windham, Eaton, & Hopkin (1999) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.1999.00150.x · Cited by 229
Coffee drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma risk
Bravi, F., Bosetti, C., Tavani, A., Bagnardi, V., Gallus, S., Negri, E., Franceschi, S., & Vecchia, C. L. (2007) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21708 · Cited by 228
Zhang, Y., Hu, G., Yuan, Z., & Chen, L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042551 · Cited by 228
“Then, we divided the log RRs by the difference of these 2 values to estimate the effect of a 1% change in HbA1 [31].”
MethodThe course of benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes
Bouma, P. A. D., Bovenkerk, A., Westendorp, R. G. J., & Brouwer, O. F. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.2.430 · Cited by 224
The role of BCG in prevention of leprosy: a meta-analysis
Setia, M. S., Steinmaus, C., Ho, C. S., et al. (2006) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(06)70412-1 · Cited by 225
Risk of recurrent stillbirth: systematic review and meta-analysis
Lamont, K., Scott, N., Jones, G., & Bhattacharya, S. (2015) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.h3080 · Cited by 214
Raimondi, S., Bruno, S., Mondelli, M. U., & Maisonneuve, P. (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.01.019 · Cited by 224
Lum, J. A. G., Conti‐Ramsden, G., Morgan, A. T., & Ullman, M. T. (2013) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2013.10.011 · Cited by 217
Prevalence and incidence of psoriatic arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Scotti, L., Franchi, M., Marchesoni, A., & Corrao, G. (2018) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.01.003 · Cited by 220
Sutherland, E. R. (2003) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thorax.58.11.937 · Cited by 218
“After an unsuccessful attempt to obtain mean values for the primary outcome from this large study (n=1277), an assumption was made that the median value approximated the mean, and standard error was estimated from the reported p 11 for the median differences.”
MethodLum, J. A. G., Ullman, M. T., & Conti‐Ramsden, G. (2013) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.07.017 · Cited by 215
“Finally, meta-regression (Greenland, 1987) was used to investigate whether participants’ age, sequence type, sequence length and number of exposures to the sequence accounted for variability in effect sizes.”
MethodAlcohol and mortality: A review
Poikolainen, K. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00174-o · Cited by 218
Cheng, Y., Liu, Z., Yao, F., Zeng, W., Zheng, D., Dong, Y., & Wu, S. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001515 · Cited by 217
“Because the absolute risk of VTE is low, the OR approximates the RR [12].”
BackgroundShould We Adjust for Covariates in Nonlinear Regression Analyses of Randomized Trials?
Hauck, W. W., Anderson, S., & Marcus, S. M. (1998) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(97)00147-5 · Cited by 218
“For nonrandomized, epidemiologic meta-analyses, Anello and Fleiss [24] recognized that bias in effect size estimates can result from using different methods of adjusting for confounding factors, and Greenland [25] proposed adjustments using external data in epidemiologic meta-analyses for studies that did not adjust o…”
BackgroundSchmid, C. H., Lau, J., McIntosh, M. W., & Cappelleri, J. C. (1998) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980915)17:17 · Cited by 211
Formaldehyde and cancer risk: a quantitative review of cohort studies through 2006
Bosetti, C., McLaughlin, J. K., Tarone, R. E., Pira, E., & Vecchia, C. L. (2007) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdm202 · Cited by 216
“the moment estimator of the variance between studies (random-effects model) in case of significant heterogeneity between studies [18, 19].”
BackgroundSystematic Review on the Risk and Benefit of Different Cholesterol-Lowering Interventions
Bucher, H. C., Griffith, L. E., & Guyatt, G. H. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.2.187 · Cited by 211
Epidemiology of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
Zhang, J., Zeisler, J., HATCH, M. C., & Berkowitz, G. S. (1997) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017954 · Cited by 212
“In sections in which several comparable studies are available, results of metaanalyses (performed with a method detailed elsewhere ( 4 )) are presented.”
Diet and Bladder Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Six Dietary Variables
Steinmaus, C., ez, S. N., & Smith, A. H. (2000) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010264 · Cited by 214
Continuous and interrupted suturing techniques for repair of episiotomy or second-degree tears
Kettle, C., Dowswell, T., & Ismail, K. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000947.pub3 · Cited by 213
“Greenland 1987 Greenland S. Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature.”
MethodResultOral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Fernández, E., Vecchia, C. L., Balducci, A., Chatenoud, L., Franceschi, S., & Negri, E. (2001) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1622 · Cited by 209
“Summary estimates of the RR were derived using fixed effects models, and heterogeneity was evaluated using a χ2 test for heterogeneity (Greenland, 1987) and the Galbraith plot (Galbraith, 1988).”
BackgroundMethodChen, M., Rao, Y., Zheng, Y., Wei, S., Li, Y., Guo, T., & Yin, P. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089288 · Cited by 215
“The ratio of OR1/OR2 (ORC) was calculated and z-statistic [7] was used to test whether the difference between OR1 and OR2 is significant.”
MethodComplications of lung resection and exercise capacity: A meta-analysis
Benzo, R., Kelley, G. A., Recchi, L., Albert Hofman, D., & Sciurba, F. C. (2007) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2007.02.012 · Cited by 213
Alcohol intake and colorectal cancer risk: A dose–response meta‐analysis of published cohort studies
Moskal, A., Norat, T., Ferrari, P., & Ríboli, E. (2006) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.22299 · Cited by 210
“The criteria for inclusion were (i) prospective cohort studies evaluating the relationship between total alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer risk; (ii) published in English between 1990 and June 2005; (iii) referenced in MEDLINE; (iv) with colorectal cancer incidence as endpoint; (v) providing relative risk (RR)…”
BackgroundMethodGlycemic index, glycemic load, and cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Gnagnarella, P., Gandini, S., Vecchia, C. L., & Maisonneuve, P. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1793 · Cited by 205
“Each measure of association and its corresponding confidence limits were transformed into log RR, and the corresponding variance was calculated by using Greenland’s formula (21).”
MethodComorbidities of primary headache disorders: a literature review with meta-analysis
Caponnetto, V., Deodato, M., Robotti, M., Koutsokera, M., Pozzilli, V., Galati, C., Nocera, G. M., Matteis, E. D., Vanna, G. D., Fellini, E., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-021-01281-z · Cited by 224
Night-shift work and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kamdar, B. B., Tergas, A. I., Mateen, F. J., Bhayani, N. H., & Oh, J. (2013) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2433-1 · Cited by 209
“As performed in a previous meta-analysis on the same topic [11], extracted odds ratios and hazard ratios from case–control studies were pooled as RRs under the assumption that the incidence of breast cancer was low [18].”
MethodAccuracy of serum uric acid in predicting complications of pre‐eclampsia: a systematic review
Thangaratinam, S., Ismail, K., Sharp, S., Coomarasamy, A., & Khan, K. S. (2006) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00908.x · Cited by 210
Subclinical Hypothyroidism and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Rodondi, N., Aujesky, D., Vittinghoff, E., Cornuz, J., & Bauer, D. C. (2006) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.028 · Cited by 207
Saz, P., & Dewey, M. E. (2001) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.396 · Cited by 209
van Deurzen, C. H. M., Vriens, B. E. P. J., Tjan‐Heijnen, V. C. G., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.08.001 · Cited by 209
“The extent to which clinical nodal status explained between-study heterogeneity was explored by the use of meta-regression analysis using the same model.(21) The variation in accuracy parameters in the individual studies was displayed graphically using forest plots.”
MethodA meta-analysis of body mass index and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma
Turati, F., Tramacere, I., Vecchia, C. L., & Negri, E. (2012) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mds244 · Cited by 217
Is there an association between hypertension and cancer mortality?
Grossman, E., Messerli, F. H., Boyko, V., & Goldbourt, U. (2002) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01049-5 · Cited by 209
Clarke, R., Bennett, D., Parish, S., Verhoef, P., Dötsch‐Klerk, M., Lathrop, M. G., Xu, P., Nordestgaard, B. G., Hólm, H., Hopewell, J. C., et al. (2012) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001177 · Cited by 207
Bauer, D. C., Mundy, G. R., Jamal, S. A., Black, D. M., Cauley, J. A., Ensrud, K. E., van der Klift, M., & Pols, H. A. P. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.2.146 · Cited by 206
“method.(17) To search for heterogeneity between the studies results, we used a 2 test; P values of less than .”
MethodAn efficient framework for conducting systematic literature reviews in agricultural sciences
Koutsos, T. M., Menexes, G. C., & Dordas, C. A. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.354 · Cited by 217
Welten, D. C., Kemper, H. C. G., Post, G. B., & van Staveren, W. A. (1995) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/125.11.2802 · Cited by 201
Temple, M. T., Fillmore, K. M., Hartka, E., Johnstone, B. M., Leino, E. V., & MOTOYOSHI, M. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01703.x · Cited by 199
Consumption of Large Amounts of Allium Vegetables Reduces Risk for Gastric Cancer in a Meta-analysis
Zhou, Y., Zhuang, W., Hu, W., Liu, G., Wu, T., & Wu, X. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.03.057 · Cited by 203
Disinfection by-products in drinking water and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Rahman, M. B., Driscoll, T., Cowie, C., & Armstrong, B. K. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp371 · Cited by 196
Mediterranean diet and its components in relation to all-cause mortality: meta-analysis
Eleftheriou, D., Benetou, V., Trichopoulou, A., Vecchia, C. L., & Bamia, C. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114518002593 · Cited by 201
Cappuccio, F. P., Elliott, P., Allender, P. S., Pryer, J. A., Follman, D., & Cutler, J. A. (1995) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117741 · Cited by 197
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Stavrou, I., Trikalinos, T. A., Zois, C. D., Brandi, M. L., Gennari, L., Albagha, O., Ralston, S. H., Tsatsoulis, A. A., & Meta-Analysis, F. T. E.-Α. G. (2002) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.11.2048 · Cited by 198
“We also performed metaregression analyses, regressing the BMD difference against the mean age of each study group.((35)) Meta-regressions 2049 GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS AND BMD”
MethodMeta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic and open appendectomy.
Garbutt, J. M., Soper, N. J., Shannon, W. D., Botero, A. C., & Littenberg, B. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 198
Riley, R. D., Simmonds, M. C., & Look, M. P. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.09.009 · Cited by 196
The logic in ecological: II. The logic of design.
Susser, M. W. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.830 · Cited by 196
A meta-analysis of alcoholic beverage consumption in relation to risk of colorectal cancer
Longnecker, M. P., Orza, M. J., Adams, M. E., Vioqué, J., & Chalmers, T. C. (1990) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/bf00053184 · Cited by 193
Antibody induction by influenza vaccines in the elderly: a review of the literature
BEYER, W. E. P., Palache, A. M., Baljet, M., & Masurel, N. (1989) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/0264-410x(89)90150-3 · Cited by 194
Chêne, G., & Thompson, S. G. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008971 · Cited by 195
“The standard error of the mean difference could be estimated from a published standard error of the logistic regression coefficient or alternatively calculated from a published confidence interval for the odds ratio or an exact p value (1).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSimmonds, M. C., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2006) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.2768 · Cited by 194
Cancer risk in asphalt workers and roofers: Review and meta‐analysis of epidemiologic studies
Partanen, T., & Boffetta, P. (1994) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.4700260602 · Cited by 194
Huncharek, M., & Kupelnick, B. (2002) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.92.7.1173 · Cited by 193
Witte, D. R., Westerink, J., de Koning, E. J. P., van der Graaf, Y., Grobbee, D. E., & Bots, M. L. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.073 · Cited by 191
“We used meta-regression techniques (19,20).”
Smoking and Parkinson's disease: Systematic review of prospective studies
Allam, M. F., Campbell, M. J., Albert Hofman, D., del Castillo, A. S., & Navajas, R. F. (2004) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20029 · Cited by 191
Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly
Rivetti, D., Jefferson, T., Thomas, R. E., Rudin, M., Rivetti, A., Pietrantonj, C. D., & Demicheli, V. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004876.pub2 · Cited by 206
A meta‐analysis of life course variation in drinking*
Fillmore, K. M., Hartka, E., Johnstone, B. M., Leino, E. V., MOTOYOSHI, M., & Temple, M. T. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01702.x · Cited by 189
Dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bertuccio, P., Rosato, V., Andreano, A., Ferraroni, M., Decarli, A., Edefonti, V. C., & Vecchia, C. L. (2013) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt108 · Cited by 187
Kennedy, O. J., Roderick, P. J., Buchanan, R. M., Fallowfield, J. A., Hayes, P. C., & Parkes, J. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013739 · Cited by 190
Andriulli, A., Festa, V., Botteri, E., Valvano, M. R., Koch, M., Bassi, C., Maisonneuve, P., & Sebastiano, P. D. (2011) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-011-2110-8 · Cited by 186
“We used random rather than fixedeffects models to estimate pooled proportions in order to take into account the heterogeneity, however small, of the estimates and therefore to be more conservative.(16) Homogeneity of effects across studies was assessed by the v(2) statistic and quantified by I(2), which represents the…”
MethodA meta‐analysis of depressive symptomatology and alcohol consumption over time*
Hartka, E., Johnstone, B. M., Leino, E. V., MOTOYOSHI, M., Temple, M. T., & Fillmore, K. M. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01704.x · Cited by 183
Meta-Analysis of Coffee Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Giovannucci, E. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009398 · Cited by 186
“The weight depends on the inverse of the variance of the log relative risk, giving larger studies greater weight in the summary measure (26).”
BackgroundMithoowani, S., Gregory-Miller, K., Goy, J., Miller, M. C., Wang, G., Noroozi, N., Kelton, J. G., & Arnold, D. M. (2016) · The Lancet Haematology · doi:10.1016/s2352-3026(16)30109-0 · Cited by 186
Wahl, D. G., Guillemin, F., de Maistre, E., Perret‐Guillaume, C., Lecompte, T., & Thibaut, G. (1998) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/096120398678919688 · Cited by 184
Metadata
- Authors
- GREENLAND, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- GREENLAND, SANDER
- ORCID
- GREENLAND, SANDER
- Venue
- Epidemiologic Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1987
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-30
- ISSN
- 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1478-6729
- OpenAlex
- W1894101563
- Cited by
- 1,644
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 53
- FWCI
- 21.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Keywords
- meta-analysis, quantitative methods, heterogeneity of study results
- MeSH terms
- Epidemiology, Humans, Mathematics, Models, Theoretical, Regression Analysis, Review Literature as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
