Microglia: activation and their significance in the central nervous system
Abstract
Microglia are resident monocyte-lineaged cells in the brain. Their characteristic feature is that they react to injury and diseases of the brain and become morphologically and functionally activated. Although some trigger molecules which activate microglia are predicted to be released from injured or affected cells, such molecules have not yet been identified. The main role of activated microglia is believed to be in brain defense, as scavengers of dead cells, and as immune or immunoeffector cells. Recent biochemical and neurobiological studies have further indicated that they significantly affect the pathological state and/or regulate the regenerative state and remodeling of the brain by producing a variety of biologically active molecules including cytotoxic and neurotrophic molecules.
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Microglia can be activated by misfolded proteins and mediate responses through inflammatory pathways, cytotoxicity and changes in plasticity.
“They can be activated by misfolded proteins, and mediate responses through inflammatory pathways, cytotoxicity and changes in plasticity (Nakajima and Kohsaka, 2001; Nayak et al., 2014).”
From Neuroinflammation and protein aggregation co-localize across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum (2020) · cites this paper as Nakajima and Kohsaka, 2001
Microglia play a key role in orchestrating the innate immune response of the brain.
“Microglia play a key role in orchestrating the innate immune response of the brain.”
From Neuroinflammation and protein aggregation co-localize across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum (2020) · cites this paper as Nakajima and Kohsaka, 2001
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- Authors
- Nakajima, K., & Kohsaka, S.
- Affiliations
- Soka University (JP)
- Venue
- Journal of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2001-08-01
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 169-175
- ISSN
- 0021-924X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2023592432
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 5.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- microglia, microglial activation, central nervous system, brain injury, neuroinflammation, phagocytosis, neurotrophic factors, cytotoxic molecules, brain remodeling, nerve regeneration
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Diseases, Cell Survival, Humans, Nerve Growth Factors, Neurons, Microglia
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