IL-13-induced oxidative stress via microglial NADPH oxidase contributes to death of hippocampal neurons in vivo
Open accessAbstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of IL-13, a well-known anti-inflammatory cytokine, on the thrombin-treated hippocampus in vivo. NeuN immunohistochemistry and Nissl staining revealed significant loss of hippocampal CA1 neurons upon intrahippocampal injection of thrombin. This neurotoxicity was accompanied by substantial microglial activation, as evident from OX-42 immunohistochemistry results. In parallel, Western blot analysis and hydroethidine histochemistry disclosed activation of NADPH oxidase, generation of reactive oxygen species, and oxidative damage in the hippocampal CA1 area showing hippocampal neuron degeneration. Interestingly, immunohistochemical and biochemical experiments showed that intrahippocampal injection of thrombin increased IL-13 immunoreactivity and IL-13 levels as early as 8 h after thrombin, reaching a peak at 7 days, which was maintained up to 14 days. Moreover, double-label immunohistochemistry revealed IL-13 immunoreactivity exclusively in activated microglia. IL-13-neutralizing Abs significantly rescued CA1 hippocampal neurons from thrombin neurotoxicity. In parallel, neutralization of IL-13 inhibited activation of NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species production, and oxidative damage. Additionally, IL-13 neutralization suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase and several proinflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to show that IL-13 triggers microglial NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress, leading to the degeneration of hippocampal neurons in vivo, as occurs in cases of Alzheimer's disease.
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In CAA, NOX activation likely involves fibrin-related clotting factors and IL13 signalling.
“The mechanisms leading to ROS production and release by microglia have been explored, especially in CAA where NOX activation likely involves fibrin-related clotting factors and IL13 signalling [104,126].”
From ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [126]
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BackgroundOxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: A possibility for prevention
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- Authors
- Park, K. W., Baik, H. H., & Jin, B. K.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular biology
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- ORCID
- Jin, Byung K
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-10-01
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 4666-4674
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W2159118237
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kyung Hee University
- Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- IL-13, NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress, microglial activation, CA1 pyramidal neurons, reactive oxygen species, neurodegeneration, inducible nitric oxide synthase, inflammatory cytokines, Alzheimer's disease, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Enzyme Activation, Female, Hippocampus, Neurons, Thrombin, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Apoptosis, Microglia, Oxidative Stress, Interleukin-13, NADPH Oxidases, Rats
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