Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 91 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective, multi-centre case series.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have focused on initial clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is the mainly revealing situation in Wuhan, Hubei. AIM: This study aims to reveal more data on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside of Wuhan, Zhejiang, China. DESIGN: This study was a retrospective case series. METHODS: Eighty-eight cases of laboratory-confirmed and three cases of clinically confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to five hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. Data were collected from 20 January 2020 to 11 February 2020. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of all 91 patients, 88 (96.70%) were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with throat swab samples that tested positive for SARS-Cov-2, three (3.30%) cases were clinically diagnosed. The median age of the patients was 50 (36.5-57) years, and female accounted for 59.34%. In this sample, 40 (43.96%) patients had contracted the disease from local cases, 31 (34.07%) patients had been to Wuhan/Hubei, eight (8.79%) patients had contacted with people from Wuhan, and 11 (12.09%) patients were diagnosed after having flown together in the same flight with no passenger that could later be identified as the source of infection. In particular within the city of Ningbo, 60.52% cases can be traced back to an event held in a temple. The most common symptoms were fever (71.43%), cough (60.44%) and fatigue (43.96%). The median of incubation period was 6 (interquartile range 3-8) days and the median time from the first visit to a doctor to the confirmed diagnosis was 1 (1-2) days. According to the chest computed tomography scans, 67.03% cases had bilateral pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: Social activity cluster, family cluster and flying alongside with persons already infected with COVID-19 were how people got infected with COVID-19 in Zhejiang.
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Recent studies suggest that neuroticism is a vulnerability factor and extraversion and conscientiousness are protective factors that can predict mental health status during the first lockdown stage.
“some recent studies have explored the role of personality traits during the first lockdown stage, suggesting that vulnerable factors (neuroticism) and protective factors (extraversion and conscientiousness) can predict mental health status [e.g., (14, 15)]”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
The Results (Demographic features and Clinical characteristics; page not provided) describe COVID-19 exposure, symptoms and laboratory findings in hospitalized patients. Searches for neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, personality traits and lockdown mental health found no passage addressing whether those traits predict mental health status. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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- Authors
- Qian, G. Q., Yang, N. B., Ding, F., Ma, A. H. Y., Wang, Z. Y., Shen, Y. F., Shi, C. W., Lian, X., Chu, J. G., Chen, L., Wang, Z. Y., Ren, D. W., Li, G. X., Chen, X. Q., Shen, H. J., & Chen, X. M.
- Affiliations
- Ningbo First Hospital (CN)
- Shaoxing University (CN)
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China (CN)
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiaoshan District People’s Hospital, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 311200
- Xiangshan County First People's Hospital (CN)
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ningbo City First Hospital, Haishu District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315000
- Corresponding author
- Chen, L
- Chen, X -Q
- Chen, X -M
- ORCID
- Ma, A H Y
- Venue
- QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-03-17
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 474-481
- ISSN
- 0033-5622 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2725
- 1460-2393
- PMC
- PMC7184349
- OpenAlex
- W3011527465
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 117 · 2020: 181 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 11.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- QJM (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Q17H010001)
- Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (2017A610246)
- Shaoxing Municipal Science and Technology Plan Project
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, hospitalized patients, epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, transmission routes, incubation period, bilateral pneumonia, Zhejiang, Ningbo
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Testing, Adult, China, Cough, Female, Fever, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Retrospective Studies, Radiography, Thoracic, Coronavirus Infections, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Pandemics
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