CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,427Advanced Causal Inference TechniquesSpatial and Panel Data AnalysisRegional Economic Trends and Sectoral Structure

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Quasi-Experimental Shift-Share Research Designs

Open access
Borusyak, Kirill, Hull, Peter, Jaravel, Xavier·2022·The Review of Economic Studies
DOI 10.1093/restud/rdab030PMC PMC10289799
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Many studies use shift-share (or “Bartik”) instruments, which average a set of shocks with exposure share weights. We provide a new econometric framework for shift-share instrumental variable (SSIV) regressions in which identification follows from the quasi-random assignment of shocks, while exposure shares are allowed to be endogenous. The framework is motivated by an equivalence result: the orthogonality between a shift-share instrument and an unobserved residual can be represented as the orthogonality between the underlying shocks and a shock-level unobservable. SSIV regression coefficients can similarly be obtained from an equivalent shock-level regression, motivating shock-level conditions for their consistency. We discuss and illustrate several practical insights of this framework in the setting of Autor et al. (2013), estimating the effect of Chinese import competition on manufacturing employment across U.S. commuting zones.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/restud/rdab030

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 43 references

1 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. BROXTERMAN, 2018, An Examination of Industry Mix Demand Indicators: The Bartik Instrument at Twenty-Five, 10.2139/ssrn.3160999 · DOI
  2. PERI, 2016, STEM Workers, H-1B Visas, and Productivity in US Cities, Journal of Labor Economics, 49, 277

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Borusyak, K., Hull, P., & Jaravel, X.
Affiliations
  • University College London and CEPR
  • National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
  • Centre for Economic Policy Research (GB)
Corresponding author
Jaravel, Xavier
ORCID
Jaravel, Xavier
Venue
The Review of Economic Studies
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2021-06-08
Volume
89
Issue
1
Pages
181-213
ISSN
  • 0034-6527 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-937X
DOI
10.1093/restud/rdab030
PMC
PMC10289799
OpenAlex
W2807611776
Cited by
1,427
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 376 · 2025: 271 · 2024: 233 · 2023: 198 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 101
FWCI
44.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations
  • The Review of Economic Studies (publishedVersion)
  • National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • Economic and Social Research Council (ES/T014431/1, ES/V009478/1)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P2CHD041020)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Regional Economic Trends and Sectoral Structure
Keywords
shift-share instrument, Bartik instrument, Chinese import competition, manufacturing employment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review