Narcissism and risky decisions: a neurophysiological approach
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Narcissists are prone to risky decision-making, but why? This study tested-via behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures-two accounts: deficiencies in error monitoring and deficiencies in action updating. High and low narcissists were engaged in a monetary gambling task by choosing between a high-risk and a low-risk option while the electroencephalogram (EEG) was being recorded. Two ERP components relevant to outcome evaluation-feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3-were analyzed, with the FRN serving as an index of error monitoring and the P3 as an index of action updating. Generally, high and low narcissists differed in the high-risk condition but not in the low-risk condition. At the behavioral level, high (vs low) narcissists made riskier decisions following high-risk decision outcomes, which was in line with past findings; at the neurophysiological level, while no FRN difference emerged between high and low narcissists, the outcome valence effect (positive vs negative) on the P3 was stronger among low narcissists than high narcissists following high-risk decision outcomes. One possible interpretation of the results is that narcissism is associated with reduced action updating. The findings contribute to the understanding of narcissistic decision-making and self-regulation.
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NPD is associated with avoidant and dismissive cognitive processing, increased risk taking, difficulty learning from mistakes, self-serving attributional bias irrespective of one's performance, and the use of language for self-regulation and not for communication.
“NPD is associated with avoidant and dismissive cognitive processing (39), increased risk taking (40), difficulty learning from mistakes (40), self-serving attributional bias irrespective of one’s performance (Krusemark, 2009, unpublished dissertation), and the use of language for self-regulation and not for communication (39).”
From Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Progress in Understanding and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBy enhancing ACC function and promoting cognitive flexibility, emotion regulation, and fear extinction via 5-HT2A receptor activation, MDMA may help reduce defensive rigidity and social threat hypersensitivity.
“By enhancing ACC function and promoting cognitive flexibility, emotion regulation, and fear extinction via 5-HT2A receptor activation (97), MDMA may help reduce defensive rigidity and social threat hypersensitivity - core features of PN that contribute to its paradoxical combination of emotional detachment and heightened sensitivity to threats against self-image or social status (98).”
From Psychoanalytically informed MDMA-assisted therapy for pathological narcissism: a novel theoretical approach (2025) · cites this paper as [98]
The Introduction (no page available) says narcissism affects responses to threats and describes discounting negative feedback; the Discussion reports weaker action updating and persistence in risky choices among high narcissists. These passages support aspects of defensive rigidity and threat-related self-regulation, but they do not establish emotional detachment, social threat hypersensitivity, or these as core features of pathological narcissism. The MDMA mechanism is attached to citation 97, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMDMA's modulation of the amygdala and salience network may attenuate exaggerated threat responses to social evaluation, facilitating more adaptive interpersonal processing.
“Additionally, MDMA’s modulation of the amygdala and salience network may attenuate exaggerated threat responses to social evaluation, facilitating more adaptive interpersonal processing (98).”
From Psychoanalytically informed MDMA-assisted therapy for pathological narcissism: a novel theoretical approach (2025) · cites this paper as [98]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports narcissism-related risky choices and differences in feedback processing during a monetary gambling task. Searches for MDMA, the amygdala, the salience network, and threat responses to social evaluation found no passage addressing the cited claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Decoding the Narcissistic Brain
Zhou, Z., Huang, C., Robins, E. M., Angus, D. J., Sedikides, C., & Kelley, N. J. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121284 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Yang, Z., Sedikides, C., Gu, R., Luo, Y. L. L., Wang, Y., & Cai, H.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gu, Ruolei
- Cai, Huajian
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-08
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 889-897
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC6123519
- OpenAlex
- W2884067378
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 4.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571148, 31300871, 31571124)
- Major Program of the Chinese National Social Science Foundation (17ZDA324)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y5CX052003)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- narcissism, risky decision making, feedback-related negativity, P300, error monitoring, outcome valence, self-regulation, outcome measurement
- MeSH terms
- Decision Making, Electroencephalography, Electrooculography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Gambling, Humans, Male, Narcissism, Risk-Taking, Feedback, Psychological, Young Adult
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