The DOI matches its Crossref record; 227 of the 227 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Affective Traits in Schizophrenia and Schizotypy
Open accessAbstract
This article reviews empirical studies of affective traits in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, population-based investigations of vulnerability to psychosis, and genetic and psychometric high-risk samples. The review focuses on studies that use self-report trait questionnaires to assess Negative Affectivity (NA) and Positive Affectivity (PA), which are conceptualized in contemporary models of personality as broad, temperamentally-based dispositions to experience corresponding emotional states. Individuals with schizophrenia report a pattern of stably elevated NA and low PA throughout the illness course. Among affected individuals, these traits are associated with variability in several clinically important features, including functional outcome, quality of life, and stress reactivity. Furthermore, evidence that elevated NA and low PA (particularly the facet of anhedonia) predict the development of psychosis and are detectable in high-risk samples suggests that these traits play a role in vulnerability to schizophrenia, though they are implicated in other forms of psychopathology as well. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for treatment, etiological models, and future research to advance the study of affective traits in schizophrenia and schizotypy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, psychosis-spectrum samples are heterogeneous, with multiple symptom and trait profiles typically present in any given sample (e.g., Cowan et al., 2020; Dickinson et al., 2018; Horan et al., 2008).”
From Narrative identity in the psychosis spectrum: A systematic review and developmental model (2021) · cites this paper as Horan et al., 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Personality Structure: Emergence Of The 5-Factor Model
Digman, J. M. (1990) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.002221 · Cited by 6,731
The Endophenotype Concept in Psychiatry: Etymology and Strategic Intentions
Gottesman, I. I., & Gould, T. D. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636 · Cited by 5,615
The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure
Goldberg, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26 · Cited by 5,530
A psychobiological model of temperament and character
Cloninger, C. R. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008 · Cited by 5,458
Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.465 · Cited by 4,636
Self-citationHandbook of Personality : Theory and Research
Pervin, L. A. (1992) · Cited by 4,543
Roberts, B. W., & DelVecchio, W. F. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.3 · Cited by 3,241
A revised version of the Psychoticism scale
Eysenck, S. B. G., Eysenck, H. J., & Barrett, P. (1985) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(85)90026-1 · Cited by 3,094
Green, M. F., Kern, R. S., Braff, D. L., & Mintz, J. (2000) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033430 · Cited by 2,999
Self-citationGartstein, M. A., & Desmarais, E. (2016) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483340333.n409 · Cited by 2,185
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Tellegen, 1988, Journal of personality and social psychology, 54, 1031, 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1031 · DOI
- 1976, Journal of abnormal psychology, 85, 734
- Lysaker, 2003, The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 191, 80, 10.1097/00005053-200302000-00003 · DOI
- 2006, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 429, 46
- 2005, Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 145, 433
- 2000, Assessment, 3, 203
- 1954, PERS INDIVID DIFF, 5, 633
- 2008, Schizophrenia research, 100, 224, 10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.469 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–290 of 290
Strauss, G. P., Esfahlani, F. Z., Raugh, I. M., Luther, L., & Sayama, H. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.025 · Cited by 9
The examination of sleep hygiene, quality of life, and schizotypy in young adults
O’Kane, T. W., Sledjeski, E. M., & Dinzeo, T. J. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.016 · Cited by 7
Balconi, M., Tirelli, S., & Frezza, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01686 · Cited by 8
Subtyping schizophrenia based on symptomatology and cognition using a data driven approach
Castro-de-Araujo, L. F. S., Machado, D. B., Barreto, M. L., & Kanaan, R. (2020) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111136 · Cited by 6
Self-conscious emotions׳ role in functional outcomes within clinical populations
MacAulay, R. K., & Cohen, A. S. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.022 · Cited by 10
The Role of Negative Emotion Abnormalities in Anhedonic Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Strauss, G. P., Ruiz, I., Dickinson, E. K., & Visser, K. H. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813693-5.00014-9 · Cited by 7
Mitchell, J. C., Ragsdale, K. A., Bedwell, J., Beidel, D., & Cassisi, J. (2015) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-015-9283-z · Cited by 1
The assessment of positive dimension of the psychosis phenotype in college students
Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., Sierra, J. O., Giráldez, S. L., & Muñiz, J. (2013) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.09.013 · Cited by 6
Bedwell, J., Cohen, A., Spencer, C. C., & Simpson, S. D. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.001 · Cited by 7
Zhang, R., Gao, Y., Yang, T., Yan, C., Wang, Y., Lui, S. S. Y., & Chan, R. C. K. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaf003 · Cited by 5
Chen, S.-N., Zhu, G., Yang, J., Hu, W., Meng, X., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y.-Y. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.01.016 · Cited by 5
A case report of cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety in an ultra‐high risk patient
Haglund, M., Cabaniss, D. L., Kimhy, D., & Corcoran, C. M. (2013) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12053 · Cited by 5
Pena-Garijo, J., & Monfort-Escrig, C. (2020) · Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría · doi:10.4321/s0211-57352020000100007 · Cited by 5
James, S. H., Berglund, A. M., Chang, W. C., & Strauss, G. P. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.024 · Cited by 5
The Role of Shame in Schizophrenia Delusion
Borrelli, D. F., Ottoni, R., Maffei, S., Marchesi, C., & Tonna, M. (2023) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001630 · Cited by 5
A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Schizophrenia Language
Alqahtani, A., Kayi, E. S., Hamidian, S., Compton, M. T., & Diab, M. (2022) · International Workshop on Health Text Mining and Information Analysis (LOUHI) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.louhi-1.20 · Cited by 5
Unpacking the Anhedonia Paradox Across the Psychosis Continuum: The Role of the Positivity Offset
Bartolomeo, L. A., & Strauss, G. P. (2025) · Journal of Emotion and Psychopathology · doi:10.55913/joep.v1i2.45 · Cited by 4
Aydın, A., Özcan, B. E., & Kaya, Y. (2024) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2024.2326951 · Cited by 4
Kim, E., Gooding, D. C., & Lee, T. Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.859234 · Cited by 4
Deng, Y., Han, S., Cheng, D., Li, H., Zhang, B., Kong, Y., Lin, Y., Li, Y., Wen, G., & Liu, K. (2020) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00234-0 · Cited by 4
Anhedonia in Schizophrenia: A Brief History and Overview of the Construct
Buck, B., & Lysaker, P. H. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8610-2_1 · Cited by 4
Eccentric or egocentric? Preoperational features in schizotypic and creative adults.
Winston, C. N., Tarkas, N. J., & Maher, H. (2014) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/a0037442 · Cited by 4
Shovestul, B. J., Saxena, A., Reda, S., Dudek, E., Wu, C., Lamberti, J. S., & Dodell‐Feder, D. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/scvhn · Cited by 4
Kumazaki, H., Kanchi, N., Kawata, M., Utsumi, A., Miyashita, T., Sono, T., Lee, A., Taniguchi, D., Tsukazaki, M., Yoshikawa, Y., et al. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104668 · Cited by 3
Strauss, G. P., Zhang, Z., Arnold, L. E., Hutcheson, A. L., Barolette, J. T., Luck, J. E., Carter, Z. A., Knippenberg, A. R., Allen, D. N., & Kirkpatrick, B. W. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2026.05.008 · Cited by 3
Kemp, K. C., Hernández, L. M., Berglund, A. M., Kaczorowski, J. A., Burgin, C. J., Neus Barrantes-vidal, A., & Kwapil, T. R. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.113025 · Cited by 3
DSM-5: ¿SÍNDROME DE PSICOSIS ATENUADA?
Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., & Fraguas, D. (2013) · Consultation of the Doctoral Thesis Database (TESEO) (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte) · Cited by 2
Schizotypal Tendencies Are Positively Associated With Self-Talk Frequency
Brinthaupt, T. M., Smartt, D. D., & Long, K. R. (2019) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294119868808 · Cited by 5
Altınyazar, V., & Gunderici, A. (2013) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5455/bcp.20130308015536 · Cited by 3
Mindfulness in Holistic Management of Schizophrenia
Ganguly, P. (2018) · International Journal of Psychology & Behavior Analysis · doi:10.15344/2455-3867/2018/156 · Cited by 5
Personality and the Expression of Symptomatology in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Urošević, S., Halverson, T. F., & Sponheim, S. R. (2019) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001060 · Cited by 3
Positive Mood Dysfunction in Psychopathology
Watson, D. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468197.ch5 · Cited by 3
Knippenberg, A. R., Yavari, S., & Strauss, G. P. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2024.100334 · Cited by 2
Nuevos desarrollos en la detección de jóvenes con riesgo de trastornos del espectro esquizofrénico
Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., Giráldez, S. L., & Muñiz, J. (2011) · Consultation of the Doctoral Thesis Database (TESEO) (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte) · Cited by 2
Spann, D. J., Cicero, D. C., Straub, K. T., Pellegrini, A. M., & Kerns, J. G. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.08.015 · Cited by 3
Raugh, I. M., Luther, L., & Strauss, G. P. (2025) · Journal of Emotion and Psychopathology · doi:10.55913/joep.v1i2.71 · Cited by 2
Talent as a Personality Resource of People with Schizotypal Personality
Tarasova, S. (2021) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89708-6_5 · Cited by 2
Event-Related Potential Correlates of Social and Nonsocial Cognitive Processes Related to Schizotypy
Davidson, C. A. (2015) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 2
Schizotypy and impaired basic face recognition? Another non‐confirmatory study
Bell, V., & Halligan, P. W. (2014) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12181 · Cited by 2
Gooding, D. C., Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Pérez‐Albéniz, A., Sierra, J. O., & Paíno, M. (2016) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2016.04.007 · Cited by 2
Mohn, C., Olsson, A.-K., Johansson, M., Moradi, H., & Helldin, L. (2021) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1862294 · Cited by 2
Increased rostral medial frontal GABA+ in early psychosis is obscured by levels of negative affect
Simmonite, M., Yao, B., Welsh, R. C., & Taylor, S. F. (2023) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.017 · Cited by 2
Dodell‐Feder, D. (2017) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · Cited by 2
Minor, K. S., Mickens, J. L., Russell, M. T., Koesterer, S. C., Hegwood, C. M., & Abel, D. B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41788-7_4 · Cited by 1
Conceptualizing a less paranoid schizophrenia
Long, J. E., & Hull, R. (2023) · Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13010-023-00142-8 · Cited by 5
Hedonic Capacity and Related Factors in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
Ritsner, M. S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8610-2_3 · Cited by 1
Mémoire émotionnelle et activités électrocorticales en schizophrénie
Lavoie, M. E., Champagne, J., Glaser, E., & Mendrek, A. (2016) · Santé mentale au Québec · doi:10.7202/1036967ar · Cited by 3
Schizotypy and the role of coping behaviors in the experience of positive and negative affect
Hayes, J. (2012) · Rowan Digitals Works (Rowan University) · Cited by 1
Delineating factors associated with vulnerability to psychosis in young people
Roper, L. (2015) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3gb1xt99 · Cited by 1
The structure of common and severe psychopathology
Chmielewski, M. S. (2012) · doi:10.17077/etd.au85vxjc · Cited by 1
Stringer, D. M. (2012) · doi:10.17077/etd.6zvtstc3
Tully, L. M. (2013) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Bienestar y personalidad esquizotípica
Hernández, A., & Marrero, R. J. (2014)
An imaging (behaviour-)genetics perspective on schizotypy and antisaccades
Macare, C.-J. (2015) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.19549
Galé, C. R., Hagenaars, S. P., Davies, G., Hill, W. D., Liewald, D. C. M., DClinPsy, B. C., Pell, J. P., McIntosh, A. M., Smıth, D. J., Deary, I. J., et al. (2015)
Effort-Based Decision-Making in Schizotypy
McGovern, J. E. (2014) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.2552
Kadison, L. (2013) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research
Abnormal emotional experience in schizophrenia
Callaway, D. A. (2012) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_theses.2080
Mitchell, J. C. (2013) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research
Incongruent emotion experience in schizophrenia: The role of negative affect and response inhibition
Mote, J. (2016) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Cognitive Failures and Schizotypy
Carrigan, N. (2017) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Schizotypy: Consideration of neurological soft signs, language and affective factors
de Leede‐Smith, S. (2017) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Andersen, E. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/ejcr-pd93
Apego, neurocognición y cognición social en el espectro de la esquizofrenia
Monfort-Escrig, C. (2021) · doi:10.6035/14109.2021.151500
(2019) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/aca0000223.supp
Affect Dynamic Signatures of Psychosis Risk Across Multiple Timescales and ContextsPreprint
Li, L. Y., Schiffman, J. E., & Martin, E. A. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wxhyq
Motivation and pleasure deficits undermine the benefits of social affiliation in psychosisPreprint
Blanchard, J. J., Smith, J. F., Bennett, M. E., Orth, R. D., Savage, C. L. G., McCarthy, J., Coan, J. A., & Shackman, A. J. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2y3rz
Self-citationSpann, D. J. (2022) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/95166
Orth, R. D., Savage, C. L. G., Bennett, M. E., & Blanchard, J. J. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01777-0
Self-citationThe role of prediction and attention in phantom voice perception
Duggirala, S. X. (2024) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20240423sd
Pupillometry in Schizophrenia: What We Know and Where We Could Go
McGovern, J. E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54896-3_10 · Cited by 1
Duggirala, S. X., Schwartze, M., Goller, L. K., Linden, D. E. J., Pinheiro, A. P., & Kotz, S. A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.12.04.626770
Personality domains in early stages of psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Scala, M., Gori, D., Roca, P., Fabbri, C., Iturra, R. A., García, S. F. C., Fanelli, G., & Serretti, A. (2025) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-025-02127-4
Dayalamurthy, P., Balachander, S., Lakkireddy, S. P., Bhattacharya, M., Joseph, M. S., Kumar, P., Kannampuzha, A. J., Mallappagari, S., Narayana, S., Alexander, A. C., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.25340048
Chung, Y. S. (2014) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k74j0c7p
Noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation to treat cognitive aspects of other psychiatric diseases
Downar, J. (2025) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-26602-7.00031-2
Kumazaki, H., Kanchi, N., Yoshikawa, Y., Miyashita, T., & Ishiguro, H. (2026) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2026.104916
Sanden, M. D., Bernhardsen, G. P., Hanssen-Bauer, K., Høye, A., Johnsen, E., Morken, G., Nygård, M., & Engh, J. A. (2025) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgag004
Dupuy, M. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1f2b3933z599fz43fczb73dz43b9b1f347b7
One social interaction after another: Dynamic modeling of social experience in schizophrenia
Weittenhiller, L. P., Abplanalp, S. J., GREEN, M., Reavis, E. A., Granholm, E., & Catalano, L. T. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2026.06.018
Self-citationMote, J., Gard, D. E., Mueser, K. T., & Fulford, D. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2026.07.005
Anhedonia in schizophrenia and psychosis spectrum disorders: An integrative review
Blanchard, J. J., Davis, B. L., & Schuchardt, K. E. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2026.07.025
Self-citationDayalamurthy, P., Balachander, S., Lakkireddy, S. P., Bhattacharya, M., Joseph, M. S., Kumar, P., Kannampuzha, A. J., Mallappagari, S., Narayana, S., Alexander, A. C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122460
Metadata
- Authors
- Horan, W. P., Blanchard, J. J., Clark, L. A., & Green, M. F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Horan, W. P.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-07-21
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 856-874
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC2632479
- OpenAlex
- W2110072357
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 220
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH065707, MH077141, MH65707, MH 079231, R03MH077141, K02MH079231, MH 43292)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- emotional characteristics, schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Humans, Psychometrics, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Schizotypal Personality Disorder
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review