Cited by 282Schizophrenia research and treatmentHallucinations in medical conditionsMental Health and Psychiatry

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Healthy Individuals With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations; Who Are They? Psychiatric Assessments of a Selected Sample of 103 Subjects

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Sommer, I. E., Daalman, K., Rietkerk, T., Diederen, K. M., Bakker, S., Wijkstra, J., Boks, M. P. M.·2010·Schizophrenia Bulletin

DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbn130PMC PMC2879692

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Abstract

Epidemiological studies suggest that auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) occur in approximately 10%-15% of the general population, of whom only a small proportion has a clinically relevant psychotic disorder. It is unclear whether these hallucinations occur as an isolated phenomenon or if AVH in nonclinical individuals are part of a more general susceptibility to schizophrenia. For this study, 103 healthy individuals with frequent AVH were compared with 60 controls matched for sex, age, and education. All participants were examined by a psychiatrist using standardized diagnostic interviews and questionnaires. The individuals with AVH did not have clinically defined delusions, disorganization, or negative or catatonic symptoms, nor did they meet criteria for cluster A personality disorder. However, their global level of functioning was lower than in the controls and there was a pronounced increase on all subclusters of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the Peters Delusion Inventory, indicating a general increased schizotypal and delusional tendency in the hallucinating subjects. History of childhood trauma and family history of axis I disorders were also more prevalent in these individuals. We showed that higher SPQ scores, lower education, and higher family loading for psychiatric disorders, but not presence of AVH, were associated with lower global functioning. Our data suggest that AVH in otherwise healthy individuals are not an isolated phenomenon but part of a general vulnerability for schizophrenia.

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Authors: Sommer, I. E., Daalman, K., Rietkerk, T., Diederen, K. M., Bakker, S., Wijkstra, J., & Boks, M. P. M.
Affiliations: University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
ORCID: Sommer, I. E.
Diederen, K. M.
Boks, M. P. M.
Venue: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2008-10-09
Volume: 36
Issue: 3
Pages: 633-641
ISSN: 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
1745-1701
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn130
PMC: PMC2879692
OpenAlex: W2096067736
Cited by: 282
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 7.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords: auditory verbal hallucinations
MeSH terms: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delusions, Female, Hallucinations, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Social Adjustment, Linear Models, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult

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Healthy Individuals With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations; Who Are They? Psychiatric Assessments of a Selected Sample of 103 Subjects

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