Psychometric assessment of subjective sleep quality using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) in psychiatric disordered and control subjects
Abstract
Subjective sleep quality has been identified as an important clinical construct in psychiatric disordered patients. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), one of the most widely used standardized measures to assess subjective sleep quality, generates a global score and scores seven components. The present study psychometrically assessed clinical profiles of subjective sleep quality in 82 control and 92 psychiatric disordered subjects (primary insomnia, n=14; major depression, n=30; generalized anxiety disorder, n=24; and schizophrenia, n=24), using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J). The overall reliability coefficient of the PSQI-J was high (Cronbach's alpha=0.77). Correlation coefficients between the PSQI-J global and component scores were statistically significant. The PSQI-J global and component mean scores were significantly higher in psychiatric disordered subjects than control subjects, except for the component of sleep duration. Using a cut-off point of 5.5 in the PSQI-J global score, estimations of sensitivity and specificity provided 85.7 and 86.6% for primary insomnia, 80.0 and 86.6% for major depression, 83.3 and 86.6% for generalized anxiety disorder, and 83.3 and 86.6% for schizophrenia, respectively. The present study supports the utility of the PSQI-J as a reliable and valid measure for subjective sleep quality in clinical practice and research.
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PSQI scores improved initially (decreased at T2) and did not show significant long-term deterioration; changes were not statistically significant and mean values remained within the good sleep quality range.
“PSQI scores decreased at T2 and increased slightly at T3; however, these changes were not statistically significant, and mean values remained within the good sleep quality range [28].”
From Long-Term Changes Following Orthopedic Mandibular Advancement Therapy in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: a 7-Year Follow-up Study (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Doi, Y., Minowa, M., Uchiyama, M., Okawa, M., Kim, K., Shibui, K., & Kamei, Y.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Public Health (JP)
- National Institute of Mental Health (JP)
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Doi, Yuriko
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 165-172
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076973235
- Cited by
- 992
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 5.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- subjective sleep quality, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Japanese version, psychometric validation, mental illness, primary insomnia, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, sensitivity and specificity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Mental Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Prevalence
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