Objective and subjective sleep quality in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Assess objectively measured sleep quality in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Observational epidemiology study. SETTING: Community-based. PARTICIPANTS: Probability sample of 589 premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women recruited from state employee records. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Menopausal status was determined by menstrual history, surgical history, and use of hormone replacement therapy. Sleep quality was objectively measured by full in-laboratory polysomnography and by self-reported sleep problems. Linear and logistic regression were used to estimate associations adjusted for potential confounding factors. OBJECTIVE: Sleep quality was not worse in perimenopausal or postmenopausal women, compared with premenopausal women. To the contrary, postmenopausal woman had more deep sleep (16% vs 13% stages 3/4, P < 0.001) and significantly longer total sleep time (388 minutes vs 374 minutes, P = 0.05). Menopausal status was moderately related to self-reported dissatisfaction with sleep but was not consistently associated with symptoms of insomnia or sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: Menopause is not associated with diminished sleep quality measured by polysomnography. Although perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, relative to premenopausal women, were less satisfied with their sleep, menopause was not a strong predictor of specific sleep-disorder symptoms. Symptoms and signs of sleep abnormalities in midlife women should not be attributed primarily to menopause before ruling out underlying sleep disorders.
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Peri-menopausal women and postmenopausal women were twice as likely to be dissatisfied with their sleep as pre-menopausal women in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study.
“The Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study found that peri-menopausal women and postmenopausal women were twice as likely to be dissatisfied with their sleep as pre-menopausal women [96].”
From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [96]
Self-reported nocturnal flashes correlate with subjective poor sleep quality, but the association is less clear when objective sleep measures are used.
“Although self-reported nocturnal flashes correlate with subjective poor sleep quality, such association is less clear when objective sleep measures are used [96,105,106].”
From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [96]
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BackgroundResultInfluentialRole of Ovarian Hormones in the Modulation of Sleep in Females Across the Adult Lifespan
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BackgroundResultDaily vasomotor symptoms, sleep problems, and mood
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“Later studies found no relationship between hot flashes and polysomnographic indicators of sleep quality.(22,23,30) Another recent study using sternal skin conductance as a marker of hot flash occurrence found that subjective hot flashes were significantly positively related to sleep characteristics, but objective hot…”
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BackgroundJoffe, H., Crawford, S. L., Freeman, M. P., White, D. P., Bianchi, M. T., Kim, S., Economou, N. I., Camuso, J., Hall, J. E., & Cohen, L. S. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2348 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Young, T., Rabago, D., Zgierska, A., Austin, D., & Finn, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Terry
- Venue
- SLEEP
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-09-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 667-672
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W172588831
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 21.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG1412)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL062252, HL62252)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR03186)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- sleep quality, menopause, perimenopause, postmenopausal women, premenopausal women, slow-wave sleep, total sleep time, sleep dissatisfaction, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, sleep disorders, Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Climacteric, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Probability, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Stages, Vasomotor System, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Polysomnography, Premenopause, Postmenopause
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