Circadian and wake-dependent influences on subjective sleepiness, cognitive throughput, and reaction time performance in older and young adults
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess circadian and homeostatic influences on subjective sleepiness and cognitive performance in older adults when sleep and waking are scheduled at different times of day; to assess changes in subjective sleepiness and cognitive performance across several weeks of an inpatient study; and to compare these findings with results from younger adults. DESIGN: Three 24-h baseline days consisting of 16 h of wakefulness and an 8-h sleep opportunity followed by 3-beat cycles of a 20-h forced desynchrony (FD) condition; 18 20-h "days," each consisting of 13.33 h of scheduled wakefulness and 6.67 h of scheduled sleep opportunity. SETTING: Intensive Physiological Monitoring Unit of the Brigham and Women's Hospital General Clinical Research Center. PARTICIPANTS: 10 healthy older adults (age 64.00 +/- 5.98 y, 5 females) and 10 healthy younger adults (age 24.50 +/- 3.54 y, 5 females). INTERVENTIONS: Wake episodes during FD scheduled to begin 4 h earlier each day allowing for data collection at a full range of circadian phases. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Subjective sleepiness, cognitive throughput, and psychomotor vigilance assessed every 2 h throughout the study. Core body temperature (CBT) data collected throughout to assess circadian phase. Older subjects were less sleepy and performed significantly better on reaction time (RT) measures than younger subjects. Decrements among younger subjects increased in magnitude further into the experiment, while the performance of older subjects remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the waking performance and alertness of healthy older subjects are less impacted by the cumulative effects of repeated exposure to adverse circadian phase than that of young adults. This suggests that there are age-related changes in the circadian promotion of alertness, in the wake-dependent decline of alertness, and/or in how these 2 regulatory systems interact in healthy aging.
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Highly controlled in-laboratory forced-desynchrony studies demonstrate that cognitive functions undergo changes in circadian rhythm and decline as wakefulness is prolonged.
“Highly controlled in‐laboratory forced‐desynchrony studies provide further evidence for this relationship, demonstrating that these cognitive functions undergo changes in circadian rhythm and decline as wakefulness is prolonged [29, 30].”
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- Authors
- Silva, E. J., Wang, W., Ronda, J. M., Wyatt, J. K., & Duffy, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Silva, Edward J.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 481-490
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2849787
- OpenAlex
- W1833552908
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 12.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01ag012642-04)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG006072, AG09975, AG12642, AG06072, P01AG009975)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR02635, M01RR002635)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, subjective sleepiness, cognitive performance, reaction time, older adults, age differences, forced desynchrony, core body temperature, alertness, sleep homeostasis, psychomotor vigilance, healthy aging
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Arousal, Body Temperature, Circadian Rhythm, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Sleep Wake Disorders, Wakefulness, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Young Adult
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