Leucine does not affect mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 assembly but is required for maximal ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 activity in human skeletal muscle following resistance exercise

Apró, William; Moberg, Marcus; Hamilton, D. Lee; Ekblom, Björn; Rooyackers, Olav; Holmberg, Hans‐Christer; Blomstrand, Eva

doi:10.1096/fj.15-273474

Cited by 44Muscle metabolism and nutritionPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Leucine does not affect mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 assembly but is required for maximal ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 activity in human skeletal muscle following resistance exercise

Apró, William, Moberg, Marcus, Hamilton, D. Lee, Ekblom, Björn, Rooyackers, Olav, Holmberg, Hans‐Christer, Blomstrand, Eva·2015·The FASEB Journal

DOI 10.1096/fj.15-273474

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Abstract

We examined how the stimulatory effect of leucine on the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is affected by the presence of the remaining essential amino acids (EAAs). Nine male subjects performed resistance exercise on 4 occasions and were randomly supplied EAAs with leucine, EAAs without leucine (EAA‐Leu), leucine alone, or flavored water (placebo; control). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and 60 and 90 min after exercise. Biopsies were analyzed for protein phosphorylation, kinase activity, protein‐protein interactions, amino acid concentrations, and tracer incorporation. Leucine alone stimulated ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 (S6K1) phosphorylation ∼280% more than placebo and EAA‐Leu after exercise. Moreover, this response was enhanced by 60‐75% after intake of EAAs compared with that of leucine alone ( P < 0.05). Kinase activity of S6K1 reflected that of S6K1 phosphorylation; 60 min after exercise, the activity was elevated 3.3‐ and 4.2‐fold with intake of leucine alone and with EAAs, respectively ( P < 0.05). The interaction between mammalian target of rapamycin and regulatory‐associated protein of mammalian target of rapamycin was unaltered in response to both resistance exercise and amino acid provision. Leucine alone stimulates mTORC1 signaling, although this response is enhanced by other EAAs and does not appear to be caused by alterations in mTORC1 assembly.—Apró, W., Moberg, M., Hamilton, D. L., Ekblom, B., Rooyackers, O., Holmberg, H.‐C., Blomstrand, E. Leucine does not affect mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 assembly but is required for maximal ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 activity in human skeletal muscle following resistance exercise. FASEB J. 29, 4358‐4373 (2015). www.fasebj.org

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Consuming essential amino acids following resistance exercise significantly activates mTORC1 above resistance exercise alone.
“Because the mechanically sensitive pathways and the resistance exercise pathways are distinct, consuming essential amino acids following resistance exercise significantly activates mTORC1 above resistance exercise alone [103].”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [103]

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Resistance exercise enhances long-term mTORC1 sensitivity to leucine
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Authors: Apró, W., Moberg, M., Hamilton, D. L., Ekblom, B., Rooyackers, O., Holmberg, H., & Blomstrand, E.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (SE)
University of Stirling (GB)
Åstrand Laboratory Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
Mid Sweden University (SE)
Corresponding author: Apró, William
ORCID: Apró, William
Moberg, Marcus
Hamilton, D. Lee
Rooyackers, Olav
Holmberg, Hans‐Christer
Blomstrand, Eva
Venue: The FASEB Journal
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-07-13
Volume: 29
Issue: 10
Pages: 4358-4373
ISSN: 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
1530-6860
DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273474
OpenAlex: W2141101554
Cited by: 44
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4
FWCI: 2.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Centrum for Idrottsforskning
Karolinska Institutet
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords: leucine, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, S6K1 phosphorylation, essential amino acids, resistance training, skeletal muscle, amino acid supplementation, protein synthesis
MeSH terms: Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Adult, Amino Acids, Essential, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Leucine, Male, Phosphorylation, Time Factors, Immunoblotting, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa, Multiprotein Complexes, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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Leucine does not affect mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 assembly but is required for maximal ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 activity in human skeletal muscle following resistance exercise

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