Psychiatric Comorbidity Associated With DSM-IV ADHD in a Nonreferred Sample of Twins
Abstract
Objective To test the external validity of the dimensions and subtypes of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by assessing the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. Method Eight- to 18-year-old twins with ADHD (n = 105) and without ADHD (n = 95) were recruited through local school districts. Comorbid disorders were assessed by structured diagnostic interviews with the parent and child and by a behavioral rating scale completed by the child's classroom teacher. Results Symptoms of inattention were associated with lower intelligence and higher levels of depression, whereas symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity were associated more strongly with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). All DSM-IV subtypes were associated with higher rates of ODD and CD in comparison with controls, and the combined type was associated with more disruptive behavior disorder symptoms than the other 2 subtypes. The combined type and predominantly inattentive type were associated with more symptoms of depression than controls or the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. Conclusions These results provide support for the discriminant validity of the dimensions and subtypes of DSM-IV ADHD and suggest that clinicians should carefully screen for comorbid disorders as part of a comprehensive assessment of ADHD.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cognitive and language related disorders and internalizing problems have mainly been associated with inattention symptoms rather than hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.
“Cognitive and language related disorders and internalizing problems have mainly been associated with inattention symptoms rather than hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms”
From Relationships between neuropsychological measures of executive function and behavioral measures of ADHD symptoms and comorbid behavior (2006) · cites this paper as Willcutt et al., 1999
Cites
Behavioral Characteristics of DSM-IV ADHD Subtypes in a School-Based Population
Gaub, M., & Carlson, C. L. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1025775311259 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Psychiatric Aspects of Impulsivity
Moeller, F. G., Barratt, E. S., Dougherty, D. M., Schmitz, J. M., & Swann, A. C. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1783 · Cited by 2,747 · see citing works
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Biederman, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66915-2 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
A Comparison of the Neuropsychological Profiles of the DSM-IV Subtypes of ADHD
Chhabildas, N., Pennington, B. F., & Willcutt, E. G. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1012281226028 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citationRubia, K. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.023 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Social cognition in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Uekermann, J., Kraemer, M., Abdel-Hamid, M., Schimmelmann, B. G., Hebebrand, J., Daum, I., Wiltfang, J., & Kis, B. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.009 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Big five dimensions and ADHD symptoms: links between personality traits and clinical symptoms
Nigg, J. T., John, O. P., Blaskey, L. G., Huang-Pollock, C. L., Willcutt, E. G., Hinshaw, S. P., & Pennington, B. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.451 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the Go/NoGo task
Bezdjian, S., Baker, L. A., Lozano, D. I., & Raine, A. (2009) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1348/026151008x314919 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Stevens, S. E., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Kreppner, J. M., Beckett, C., Castle, J., Colvert, E., Groothues, C., Hawkins, A., & Rutter, M. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9185-5 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
ADHD symptom subtypes in children with pervasive developmental disorder
Gadow, K. D., DeVincent, C. J., & Pomeroy, J. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0060-3 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and suicide: a review of possible associations
James, A., Lai, F. H., & Dahl, C. (2004) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00384.x · Cited by 224 · see citing works
ADHD characteristics: I. Concurrent co-morbidity patterns in children & adolescents
Elia, J., Ambrosini, P., & Berrettini, W. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-15 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes
Solanto, M. V., Gilbert, S. N., Raj, A., Zhu, J., Pope-Boyd, S., Stepak, B., Vail, L., & Newcorn, J. H. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9123-6 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Meta-Analysis of Suicide-Related Behavior Events in Patients Treated With Atomoxetine
BANGS, M. E., TAUSCHER-WISNIEWSKI, S., POLZER, J., ZHANG, S., ACHARYA, N., DESAIAH, D., TRZEPACZ, P. T., & ALLEN, A. J. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31815d88b2 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
CHIANG, H.-L., GAU, S. S.-F., NI, H.-C., CHIU, Y.-N., SHANG, C.-Y., WU, Y.-Y., LIN, L.-Y., TAI, Y.-M., & SOONG, W.-T. (2010) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00832.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Patterns of Comorbidity Among Girls With ADHD: A Meta-analysis
Tung, I., Li, J. J., Meza, J. I., Jezior, K. L., Kianmahd, J. S. V., Hentschel, P. G., O’Neil, P. M., & Lee, S. S. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0430 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
JONSDOTTIR, S., BOUMA, A., SERGEANT, J., & SCHERDER, E. (2006) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.05.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
ADHD in Swedish 3- to 7-year-old children
KADESJÖ, C., KADESJÖ, B., HÄGGLÖF, B., & GILLBERG, C. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200109000-00010 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-Regulation and Inhibition in Comorbid ADHD Children: An Evaluation of Executive Functions
Sarkis, S. M., Sarkis, E. H., Marshall, D., & Archer, J. (2005) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054705277265 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pálmason, H., Moser, D., Sigmund, J., Vogler, C., Hänig, S., Schneider, A., Seitz, C., Marcus, A., Meyer, J., & Freitag, C. M. (2010) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0338-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
ADHD Subtype Differences in Reinforcement Sensitivity and Visuospatial Working Memory
Dovis, S., Van der Oord, S., Wiers, R. W., & Prins, P. J. M. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.895940 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- WILLCUTT, E. G., PENNINGTON, B. F., CHHABILDAS, N. A., FRIEDMAN, M. C., & ALEXANDER, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of Denver (US)
- Corresponding author
- WILLCUTT, ERIK G.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1355-1362
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994351651
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 4.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- NICHD (HD-11681, HD-27802)
- NIMH (F32 MH12100, MH00419, MH38820)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, depression, disruptive behavior disorders, discriminant validity, generalizability, twins, elementary school students, comorbidity screening
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
