Risk Factors for Adverse Life Outcomes in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects
Abstract
Clinical descriptions of patients with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) suggest major problems with adaptive behavior. Five operationally defined adverse outcomes and 18 associated risk/protective factors were examined using a Life History Interview with knowledgeable informants of 415 patients with FAS or FAE (median age 14 years, range 6-51; median IQ 86, range 29-126). Eighty percent of these patients were not raised by their biological mothers. For adolescents and adults, the life span prevalence was 61% for Disrupted School Experiences, 60% for Trouble with the Law, 50% for Confinement (in detention, jail, prison, or a psychiatric or alcohol/drug inpatient setting), 49% for Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors on repeated occasions, and 35% for Alcohol/Drug Problems. The odds of escaping these adverse life outcomes are increased 2- to 4-fold by receiving the diagnosis of FAS or FAE at an earlier age and by being reared in good stable environments.
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Early diagnosis and intervention can improve expected life outcomes.
“Early diagnosis and intervention can improve expected life outcomes [26].”
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- Authors
- STREISSGUTH, A. P., BOOKSTEIN, F. L., BARR, H. M., SAMPSON, P. D., O'MALLEY, K., & YOUNG, J. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 228-238
- ISSN
- 0196-206X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134133901
- Cited by
- 1,195
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 16.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R04/CCR008515)
- U.S. Public Health Service (R37-01455-01-27)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- fetal alcohol syndrome, fetal alcohol effects, risk factors, protective factors, adaptive behavior, school disruption, juvenile delinquency, confinement, inappropriate sexual behavior, alcohol and drug problems, early diagnosis, family environment, life history interviews
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Child, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Schools, Sexual Behavior, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Substance-Related Disorders, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
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