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Cited by 47Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 138 of the 138 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Health effects resulting from exercise versus those from body fat loss

WILLIAMS, PAUL T.·2001·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
DOI 10.1097/00005768-200106001-00030
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to assess whether body weight confounds the relationships between physical activity and its health benefits. METHODS: The review includes 80 reports from population-based studies (Evidence Category C) of physical activity or fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or coronary heart disease (CHD). RESULTS: Eleven of 64 reports on activity found no relationship between physical activity and disease. Of the remaining 53 reports, 11 did not address the possible confounding effects of body weight, nine cited reasons that weight differences should not explain their observed associations, and 33 statistically adjusted for weight (as required). Only three of these changed their associations from significant to nonsignificant when adjusted. Ten of 16 reports on cardiorespiratory fitness and CHD or CVD used statistical adjustment, and none of these changed their findings to nonsignificant. Population studies show that vigorously active individuals also have higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration, a major risk factor for CHD and CVD, than sedentary individuals when statistically adjusted for weight. In contrast, intervention studies, which relate dynamic changes in weight and HDL, suggest that adjustment for weight loss largely eliminates the increase in HDL-cholesterol in sedentary men who begin exercising vigorously. Adjusting the cross-sectional HDL-cholesterol differences for the dynamic effects of weight loss eliminates most of the HDL-cholesterol difference between active and sedentary men. CONCLUSION: Population studies show that the lower incidence of CHD and CVD and higher HDL of fit, active individuals are not because of lean, healthy individuals choosing to be active (i.e., self-selection bias). Nevertheless, metabolic processed associated weight loss may be primarily responsible for the HDL differences between active and sedentary men, and possibly also their differences in CHD and CVD.

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Crossref · 10.1097/00005768-200106001-00030

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Research works printed but not linked: 16

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  9. Pomrehn, 1982, JAMA, 248, 1073, 10.1001/jama.1982.03330090043026 · DOI
  10. Schriewer, 1986, J Clin Chem Biochem, 20, 533
  11. Seccareccia, 1992, J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 32, 206
  12. Seip, 1995, Am J Physiol, 268, E229
  13. Shaper, 1994, J Hum Hypertens, 8, 3
  14. Terry, 1992, Circulation, 86, I
  15. Williams, 1990, Int J Obes, 14, 421
  16. Williams, 1997, Arch Intern Med, 157, 191, 10.1001/archinte.1997.00440230063008 · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
WILLIAMS, P. T.
Affiliations
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author
WILLIAMS, PAUL T.
ORCID
WILLIAMS, PAUL T.
Venue
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2001-06
Volume
33
Issue
Supplement
Pages
S611-S621
ISSN
0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/00005768-200106001-00030
OpenAlex
W2085782293
Cited by
47
References
138
Citations by year
2022: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1r03hl055640-01a2)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL55640, HL-58621, R01HL058621)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
physical activity, body weight, fat loss, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, cardiorespiratory fitness, HDL cholesterol, confounding, self-selection bias, sedentary behavior, weight loss
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Disease, Female, Health Status, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Fitness, Weight Loss, Exercise, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Incidence, Epidemiologic Studies

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