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Hostility as a risk factor for mortality and ischemic heart disease in men.
Abstract
We report the association between hostility and the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in 3,750 Finnish men aged 40-59. Hostility was assessed from self-ratings on irritability, ease of anger-arousal, and argumentativeness, and four groups were formed from the summed hostility ratings. At baseline, the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of the prevalence of angina pectoris between the highest and lowest hostility groups was 2.88 (95% confidence limits (CL), range 1.71-4.77). A three-year follow-up yielded 65 deaths and 109 IHD-incident cases. Hostility did not predict IHD among healthy men, but among men with previous IHD and hypertension (N = 104), the age-adjusted RR of IHD between the highest and lowest hostility groups was 12.9 (95% CL, 3.92-42.6). After standardization for smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol use, and snoring, the RR was 14.6 (95% CL, 1.94-110). When the degree of dyspnea at baseline was also standardized, the RR was 21.1 (95% CL, 1.59-282). Our data suggest that extreme hostility is not a consequence of symptom severity; rather, hostility is a strong determinant of coronary attack among hypertensive men with IHD.
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Hostility conferred 3-year CVD and all-cause mortality in midlife Finnish men.
“Hostility also conferred 3-year CVD and all-cause mortality in midlife Finnish men [164]”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [164]
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BackgroundWorkplace bullying and the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression
Mika Kivimaki, B., Virtanen, M., Vartia, M. A.-L., Elovainio, M. J., Vahtera, J., & Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L. (2003) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.60.10.779 · Cited by 594
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Smith, T. W. (1992) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.11.3.139 · Cited by 729
Siegrist, J., Peter, R., Junge, A., Cremer, P., & Seidel, D. (1990) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(90)90234-j · Cited by 540
Non-response and related factors in a nation-wide health survey
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“These questions concerned sexuality (importance of, satisfaction with and ease of talking about one’s own sex life), symptoms of depression (BDI-21), alcohol use (the amount and frequency of alcohol use, the frequency of getting drunk, passing out and suffering from a hangover) and hostility (as assessed by a three-it…”
BackgroundSelf-citationGoing to the heart of the matter
Kubzansky, L. D., & Kawachi, I. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00091-4 · Cited by 442
Organisational justice and health of employees: prospective cohort study
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A Prospective Study of Anger and Coronary Heart Disease
Kawachi, I. I., Sparrow, D., Spiro, A., Vokonas, P., & Weiss, S. T. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.9.2090 · Cited by 304
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“Several studies have documented an association between high CookMedley Hostility Scale scores and greater alcohol and tobacco use, less leisure-time activity, greater caloric intake, and higher body mass index (BMI) (10, 2527).”
BackgroundPosttraumatic Stress Disorder, Cardiovascular, and Metabolic Disease: A Review of the Evidence
Dedert, E. A., Calhoun, P. S., Watkins, L. L., Sherwood, A., & Beckham, J. C. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9165-9 · Cited by 263
Chapman, B. P., Roberts, B., & Duberstein, P. (2011) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.4061/2011/759170 · Cited by 283
“Hostility also conferred 3-year CVD and all-cause mortality in midlife Finnish men [164], elevated 25-year all-cause mortality in a mixed-gender midlife sample in Denmark [165], elevated 6year CVD mortality [166], and 16-year all-cause mortality, [167] in mixed-gender community samples, the latter even with mean ages…”
BackgroundAssociation of Hostility With Coronary Artery Calcification in Young Adults
Iribarren, C., Sidney, S., Bild, D. E., Liu, K., Markovitz, J. H., Roseman, J. M., & Matthews, K. A. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.19.2546 · Cited by 225
Low Workplace Social Capital as a Predictor of Depression: The Finnish Public Sector Study
Kouvonen, A. M., Oksanen, T., Vahtera, J., Stafford, M., Wilkinson, R. G., Schneider, J. M., Väänänen, A., Virtanen, M., Cox, S. J., Pentti, J., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn067 · Cited by 211
“In the surveys, respondents were asked to indicate preexisting or current diseases using a self administered checklist of 17 common chronic diseases (16).”
Scheier (1995) · doi:10.1097/00006842-199505000-00007 · Cited by 205
“On the other hand, hostility, more of a chronic, trait-like variable, has been shown to predict CHD clinical events and incidence (5, 7) and long-term CHD mortality rate (13,14).”
BackgroundDevelopments in the measurement of hostility.
Barefoot, J. C. (1992) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10105-001 · Cited by 183
Giese‐Davis, J., Koopman, C., Butler, L. D., Classen, C. C., Cordova, M. J., Fobair, P., Benson, J., KRAEMER, H. C., & Spiegel, D. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.4.916 · Cited by 236
“Studies also have found negative health effects for high levels of hostility (i.e., lack of restraint; Adams, 1994; Barefoot, Dahlstrom, & Williams, 1983; Barefoot, Dodge, Peterson, Dahlstrom, & Williams, 1989; Dembroski, MacDougall, Costa, & Granditis, 1989; Koskenvuo et al., 1988; Shekelle, Gale, Ostfeld, & Paul, 19…”
Alcohol Intake and Sickness Absence: A Curvilinear Relation
Vahtera, J. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf138 · Cited by 161
“82; range, 1–13); hostility (20) (three items; Cronbach’s alpha = 0.”
BackgroundNegative Emotion and Coronary Heart Disease
Sirois, B. C., & Burg, M. M. (2003) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445502238695 · Cited by 165
“Koskenvuo et al. (1988) compared 104 patients with a history of CHD and hypertension who scored in the lowest versus highest quartiles on self-ratings of hostility and found a risk ratio of 14.6 for cardiac events in patients with the higher hostility ratings.”
ResultInfluentialNegative Affect and Mortality in Older Persons
Wilson, R. S. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg224 · Cited by 158
Anger in Young Men and Subsequent Premature Cardiovascular Disease
Chang, P. P., Ford, D. E., Meoni, L. A., Wang, N., & Klag, M. J. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.8.901
Binge drinking and depressive symptoms: a 5‐year population‐based cohort study
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Self-citationPrevalence, characteristics and natural course of inappropriate sinus tachycardia
STILL, A., RAATIKAINEN, P., YLITALO, A., KAUMA, H., IKAHEIMO, M., ANTEROKESANIEMI, Y., & HUIKURI, H. (2005) · Europace · doi:10.1016/j.eupc.2004.12.007 · Cited by 134
“Personality type was assessed by three different methods: Framingham type A behaviour pattern scale [15], Bortner’s short rating scale of behaviour pattern [16], and hostility scaling [17].”
MethodVirtanen, R., Jula, A., Salminen, J. K., Voipio‐Pulkki, L., Helenius, H. Y. M., Kuusela, T., & Airaksinen, J. K. E. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000088760.65046.cf · Cited by 140
“Some prospective studies relate increased hostility to increased coronary artery disease incidence (46–50), whereas negative findings have also been reported (51, 52).”
BackgroundMarsland, A. L., Prather, A. A., Petersen, K. L., Cohen, S., & Manuck, S. B. (2008) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.11.008 · Cited by 141
“…shows that dispositional anger/hostility predicts incidence and progression of cardiovascular disease (e.g., Chang et al., 2002; Everson et al., 1998; Kawachi et al., 1996; Koskenvuo et al. 1988), which is widely accepted to be of inflammatory etiology (Ridker et al., 2000a, 2000b; Ross, 1999).”
Work stress and incidence of newly diagnosed fibromyalgia
Mika Kivimaki, B., Leino‐Arjas, P., Virtanen, M., Elovainio, M. J., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., Puttonen, S., Vartia, M. A.-L., Brunner, E. J., & Vahtera, J. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2003.10.013 · Cited by 152
Iribarren, C., Markovitz, J. H., Jacobs, D. R., Schreiner, P. J., Daviglus, M. L., & Hibbeln, J. R. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601739 · Cited by 127
“…anxiety and chronic life stress, has been shown to be associated with heightened sympathetic tone (Suarez et al, 1998) and with increased risk of clinical (Koskenvuo et al, 1988; Barefoot et al, 1995; Everson et al, 1997) and sub- clinical (Iribarren et al, 2000) cardiovascular disease.”
BackgroundLipkus, I. M., Barefoot, J. C., Williams, R. B., & Siegler, I. C. (1994) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.13.2.149 · Cited by 132
Nabi, H., Mika Kivimaki, B., Vogli, R. D., Marmot, M. G., & Singh‐Manoux, A. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a118 · Cited by 128
Ostry, A., Radi, S., Louie, A., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2006) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-53 · Cited by 122
“Hostility was assessed using the sum of a 3-item 5-point Likert scale [33] with higher scores indicating greater hostility.”
MethodReducing Psychosocial Stress: A Novel Mechanism of Improving Survival from Exercise Training
Milani, R. V., & Lavie, C. J. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.028 · Cited by 118
Matthews, K. A., Gump, B. B., Harris, K. F., Haney, T. L., & Barefoot, J. C. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000105766.33142.13 · Cited by 117
Hostility, Social Support, and Ambulatory Cardiovascular Activity
Benotsch, E. G., Christensen, A. J., & McKelvey, L. (1997) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1025530711432 · Cited by 109
Radi, S., Ostry, A., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2007) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.20492 · Cited by 100
Smith, T. W., & Brown, P. C. (1991) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00867172 · Cited by 99
“However, studies using very similar measures of hostility have found significant prospective associations (Barefoot et al., 1987; Koskenvuo et al., 1988; Ostfeld et al., 1964).”
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Appelberg, K., Romanov, K., Heikkila, K. V., Honkasalo, M., & Koskenvuo, M. J. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(95)00576-5 · Cited by 100
Self-citationWork/life balance and health: the Nurses and Midwives e‐cohort study
Schlüter, P. J., Turner, C. T., Huntington, A. D., Bain, C., & McClure, R. (2011) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2010.00849.x · Cited by 99
Barrett, B. P., Muller, D., Rakel, D. P., Rabago, D., Marchand, L. R., & Scheder, J. C. (2006) · Perspectives in biology and medicine · doi:10.1353/pbm.2006.0019 · Cited by 99
Interpersonal conflicts at work and psychosocial characteristics of employees
Appelberg, K., Romanov, K., Honkasalo, M., & Koskenvuo, M. J. (1991) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90162-6 · Cited by 91
Self-citationHostility, Anger Control, and Anger Expression as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease
Haukkala, A., Konttinen, H. M., Laatikainen, T. K., Kawachi, I. I., & Uutela, A. K. (2010) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181dbab87 · Cited by 92
“Furthermore, three items, which overlap with Trait Anger items, did not predict IHD events but did have an association with cardiovascular mortality in a 3-year follow-up among males (29).”
BackgroundAnger Expression and Risk of Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease Among Male Health Professionals
Eng, P. M., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Kubzansky, L. D., Rimm, E. B., & Kawachi, I. I. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000040949.22044.c6 · Cited by 92
“In terms of underlying physiology, it has been hypothesized that severity of arteriosclerosis may increase vulnerability to anger among those with preexisting disease (30).”
BackgroundDo Negative Emotions Mediate the Association between Socioeconomic Status and Health?
Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08118.x · Cited by 87
Hostility and Coronary Artery Disease
Helmer, D. C., Ragland, D. R., & Syme, S. L. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115850 · Cited by 89
Anger Expression and Incident Stroke
Everson‐Rose, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Lakka, T. A., Sivenius, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.3.523 · Cited by 88
Lundberg, U., Hedman, M., Melin, B., et al. (1989) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198903000-00001 · Cited by 84
“It is also consistent with other studies (25, 32, 33) supporting the notion that aggression/hostility is the most "toxic" component of Type A behavior.”
ResultRomanov, K., Appelberg, K., Honkasalo, M., & Koskenvuo, M. J. (1996) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(95)00577-3 · Cited by 85
Self-citationSense of coherence as a mediator between hostility and health
Mika Kivimaki, B., Elovainio, M. J., Vahtera, J., Nurmi, J., Feldt, T., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., & Pentti, J. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00305-1 · Cited by 91
“by the FTSH scale [2], which is the shortest major hostility questionnaire used in this research area.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialCohort Profile: The Nurses and Midwives e-Cohort Study--A Novel Electronic Longitudinal Study
Turner, C. T., Bain, C., Schlüter, P. J., Yorkston, E., Bogossian, F. E., McClure, R., Huntington, A. D., & the Nurses and Midwives e-cohort Group (2008) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dym294 · Cited by 84
Kaprio, J. A., Koskenvuo, M., & Rose, R. J. (1990) · Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae · doi:10.1017/s0001566000003652 · Cited by 83
“Koskenvuo et al [16] found that ischemic heart disease mortality rates among men under 60 years of age and responding to the 1981 twin questionnaire were not significantly different from the population rates during three years of follow-up.”
Self-citationAssociation of hostility with sleep duration and sleep disturbances in an employee population
Granö, N., Vahtera, J., Virtanen, M., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/10705500801929510 · Cited by 81
“Somatic diseases and psychiatric diseases were measured by using a self-administered checklist of common diseases (Kivimäki et al., 2000; Kivimäki et al., 2003; Koskenvuo et al., 1988).”
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“In support of their hypothesis, previous research has found hostility to be associated with other risk factors for poor physical health such as smoking, greater alcohol consumption, symptoms of alcohol abuse, driving a car after drinking, physical inactivity, higher fat and caloric intake, higher lipid ratios, greater…”
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Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W. J., Luben, R., Day, N. E., & Khaw, K.-T. (2005) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.01.014 · Cited by 80
Impulsivity as a predictor of newly diagnosed depression
Granö, N., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., Kouvonen, A. M., Virtanen, M., Elovainio, M. J., Vahtera, J., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00566.x · Cited by 72
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Hostility, health, and social contexts.
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Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Condition
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Lowering cholesterol concentrations and mortality.
British Medical Journal Publishing Group (1990) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6751.552-a · Cited by 63
Heinonen-Guzejev, M., Vuorinen, H. S., Mussalo‐Rauhamaa, H., Heikkila, K. V., Koskenvuo, M., & Kaprio, J. A. (2006) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.048 · Cited by 61
“Hostility was measured using a 3-item scale (Koskenvuo et al., 1988) described in Heinonen-Guzejev et al.”
MethodSelf-citationHAPPINESS AND HEALTH: TWO PARADOXES
Borghesi, S., & Vercelli, A. (2010) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6419.2010.00635.x · Cited by 64
Prevalent cardiovascular disease, risk factors and selection out of shift work
Mika Kivimaki, B., Virtanen, M., Elovainio, M. J., Väänänen, A., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., & Vahtera, J. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1000 · Cited by 58
“80) in a representative sample of Finnish men and women (15, 16).”
BackgroundMethodVirtanen, M., Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M. J., et al. (2005) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.028 · Cited by 57
Is Type A Behavior Really a Trigger for Coronary Heart Disease Events?
Gallacher, J., Sweetnam, P. M., YARNELL, J. W. G., Elwood, P. C., & Stansfeld, S. A. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000041608.55974.a8 · Cited by 57
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Psychological factors affecting a medical condition
Ketterer, M. W., Mahr, G., & Goldberg, A. D. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00099-4 · Cited by 54
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Posttraumatic stress disorder, hostility, and health in women: A review of current research
Beckham, J. C., Calhoun, P. S., Glenn, D. M., & Barefoot, J. C. (2002) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm2403_07 · Cited by 48
Pulkki, L. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg204 · Cited by 48
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“…most research results suggest that hostile individuals are at greater risk of coronary heart disease (Ostfeld et al. 1964; Barefoot et al. 1983; Koskenvuo et al. 1988; Julkunen et al. 1994) and that hostility also causes minor health problems (Houston & " Address for correspondence: Dr Mika…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationHakulinen, C., Jokela, M., Hintsanen, M., Merjonen, P., Pulkki-Råback, L., Seppälä, I., Lyytikäinen, L.-P., Lehtimäki, T., Kähönen, M., Viikari, J., et al. (2013) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9452-y · Cited by 47
“Both hostility (Barefoot et al., 1983; Everson et al., 1997; Koskenvuo et al., 1988) and anger (Gallacher et al., 1999; Kubzansky et al., 2006; Williams et al., 2001) have been repeatedly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and there is some evidence for an association of…”
BackgroundDonker, F. J. S. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00016-1 · Cited by 50
Work Stress and New-Onset Migraine in a Female Employee Population
Mäki, K., Vahtera, J., Virtanen, M., Elovainio, M. J., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2007) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01462.x · Cited by 48
de Leon, C. F. M. (1992) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00845356 · Cited by 46
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Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease
Ketterer, M. W. (1993) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(93)71821-6 · Cited by 44
Gender Differences in Complicated Grief among the Elderly
Bierhals, A. J., Prigerson, H. G., Fasiczka, A., Frank, E., Miller, M., & Reynolds, C. F. (1996) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/437w-edwj-lmql-0cb9 · Cited by 46
Productivity and employees' organizational justice perceptions in long‐term care for the elderly
Heponiemi, T., Elovainio, M. J., Laine, J., Pekkarinen, L., Eccles, M., Noro, A., Finne‐Soveri, H., & Sinervo, T. S. (2007) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20205 · Cited by 50
Al’Absi, M., & Bongard, S. (2006) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9077-0 · Cited by 46
“rates of CHD-related hospitalization and mortality (Koskenvuo et al., 1988).”
BackgroundSnoring and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Koskenvuo, M. J., Partinen, M., Kaprio, J. A., Vuorinen, H. S., Telakivi, T., Kajaste, S., Salmi, T. K., & Heikkila, K. V. (1994) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899409148353 · Cited by 43
Self-citationNabi, H., Vahtera, J., Singh-Manoux, A., Pentti, J., Oksanen, T., Gimeno, D., Elovainio, M., Virtanen, M., Klaukka, T., & Kivimaki, M. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32830dfe5f · Cited by 43
Personality dimensions and measures potentially relevant to health: A focus on hostility
Friedman, H. S., Tucker, J. S., & Reise, S. P. (1995) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02903919 · Cited by 43
Hostility and registered sickness absences: a prospective study of municipal employees
Vahtera, J., Mika Kivimaki, B., Koskenvuo, M., & Pentti, J. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797004832 · Cited by 43
“Hostility This was measured by a 3-item scale derived from Koskenvuo et al. (1988).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationSiegrist, J. (1991) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/1.1.10 · Cited by 43
A simple laboratory method for inducing anger
Engebretson, T. O., Sirota, A. D., NIAURA, R. S., Edwards, K., & Brown, W. A. (1999) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00012-4 · Cited by 42
“Accumulating studies indicate that hostility is positively associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) events in healthy populations and high CHD risk groups [3–9].”
BackgroundHuntington, A., Gilmour, J. A., Schlüter, P. J., Tuckett, A. G., Bogossian, F. E., & Turner, C. T. (2009) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.04995.x · Cited by 38
Defensive hostility, gender and cardiovascular levels and responses to stress
Helmers, K. F., & Krantz, D. S. (1996) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02895286 · Cited by 39
The Relationship between Hostility and Behavioral Risk Factors for Poor Health in Women Veterans
Calhoun, P. S., Bosworth, H. B., Siegler, I. C., & Bastian, L. A. (2001) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0921 · Cited by 39
Hostility, unemployment and health status: testing three theoretical models
Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., Kokko, K., Pulkkinen, L., Kortteinen, M., & Tuomikoski, H. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00219-8 · Cited by 37
Metadata
- Authors
- Koskenvuo, M., Kaprio, J., Rose, R. J., Kesäniemi, A., Sarna, S., Heikkilä, K., & Langinvainio, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 1988-07
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 330-340
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1966607261
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fogarty International Center (TW 01019)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- hostility, ischemic heart disease, mortality, angina pectoris, hypertension, irritability, anger, argumentativeness, men, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Coronary Disease, Diseases in Twins, Finland, Hostility, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Tests, Risk Factors, Type A Personality
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