Moving upstream: How interventions that address the social determinants of health can improve health and reduce disparities
Open accessAbstract
There is considerable scientific and policy interest in reducing socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare and health status. Currently, much of the policy focus around reducing health disparities has been geared toward improving access, coverage, quality, and the intensity of healthcare. However, health is more a function of lifestyles linked to living and working conditions than of healthcare. Accordingly, effective efforts to improve health and reduce gaps in health need to pay greater attention to addressing the social determinants of health within and outside of the healthcare system. This article highlights research evidence documenting that tackling the social determinants of health can lead to reductions in health disparities. It focuses both on interventions within the healthcare system that address some of the social determinants of health and on interventions in upstream factors such as housing, neighborhood conditions, and increased socioeconomic status that can lead to improvements in health. The studies reviewed highlight the importance of systematic evaluation of social and economic policies that might have health consequences and the need for policy makers, healthcare providers, and leaders across multiple sectors of society to apply currently available knowledge to improve the underlying conditions that impact the health of populations.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Assured equal access to health care opportunities is likely to have the greatest effects on lower income families, including many racial and ethnic minority families.
“Perhaps the civil rights domain with the most obvious health consequences is assured equal access to health care opportunities-- likely to have greatest effects on lower income families, including many racial and ethnic minority families (Williams et al., 2008; Smedley, Stith & Nelson, 2002).”
From Civil rights as determinants of public health and racial and ethnic health equity: Health care, education, employment, and housing in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as Williams et al., 2008
Social determinants, including civil rights laws and their enforcement, affect health by affecting intermediate factors such as housing, employment, and transportation, which in turn affect the distribution of health risk and protective factors and the resources for prevention and treatment.
“Social determinants, including civil rights laws and their enforcement, affect health by affecting intermediate factors such as housing, employment, and transportation which, in turn, affect the distribution of health risk and protective factors, such as pathogens and environmental toxins, and the resources for prevention and treatment (Hahn, 1995, Williams et al., 2008, Braveman and Gottlieb, 201”
From Civil rights as determinants of public health and racial and ethnic health equity: Health care, education, employment, and housing in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as Williams et al., 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Actual causes of death in the United States
McGinnis, J. M. (1993) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03510180077038 · Cited by 5,480 · see citing works
US Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations
Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (1995) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.21.080195.002025 · Cited by 1,718 · see citing works
Self-citation(2005) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,313 · see citing works
Relationships Between Poverty and Psychopathology: A Natural Experiment
Costello, E. J., Compton, S. N., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.15.2023 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies From Social and Behavioral Research
(2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e720012007-001 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Moving to Opportunity: an Experimental Study of Neighborhood Effects on Mental Health
Leventhal, T., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1576 · Cited by 776 · see citing works
Independent inquiry into inequalities in health report
Acheson, D. (1998) · Stationery Office eBooks · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Evaluating the Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs
Rawlings, L. B. (2005) · The World Bank Research Observer · doi:10.1093/wbro/lki001 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Fernald, L. C., Gertler, P. J., & Neufeld, L. M. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60382-7 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Programs for parents of infants and toddlers: recent evidence from randomized trials
Olds, D. L., Sadler, L., & Kitzman, H. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01702.x · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses: From randomized trials to community replication
Olds, D. L. (2002) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1023/a:1019990432161 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Enhancing the Outcomes of Low-Birth-Weight, Premature Infants
(1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440220059030 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Making Americans Healthier: Social and Economic Policy as Health Policy
Schoeni, R. F., House, J. S., Kaplan, G., & Pollack, H. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-5680 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Ou, S.-R., Robertson, D. L., Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J. W., & Niles, M. D. (2007) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.8.730 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Does Money Matter? The Effects of Cash Transfers on Child Development in Rural Ecuador
Paxson, C. H., & Schady, N. (2010) · Economic Development and Cultural Change · doi:10.1086/655458 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
The Fall and Rise of US Inequities in Premature Mortality: 1960–2002
Krieger, N., Rehkopf, D. H., Chen, J. T., Waterman, P. D., Marcelli, E. A., & Kennedy, M. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050046 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
The Health of U.S. Racial and Ethnic Populations
Williams, D. R. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/60.special_issue_2.s53 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationDisadvantage, Inequality, And Social Policy
Mechanic, D. (2002) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.48 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Almond, D. V., Chay, K. Y., & Greenstone, M. (2007) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.961021 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Randomized Trial of the Early Start Program of Home Visitation
Fergusson, D. M., Grant, H., Horwood, L. J., & Ridder, E. M. (2005) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0948 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The Community Guide’s model for linking the social environment to health
Anderson, L. M., Scrimshaw, S. C. M., Fullilove, M. T., & Fielding, J. E. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00652-9 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Urban environment and mental health
Dalgard, O. S., & Tambs, K. (1997) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.171.6.530 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Healthy Steps for Young Children: Sustained Results at 5.5 Years
Minkovitz, C. S., Strobino, D. M., Mistry, K. B., Scharfstein, D. O., Grason, H. A., Hou, W., Ialongo, N. S., & Guyer, B. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1205 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Impact of Income Maintenance on Low Birth Weight: Evidence from the Gary Experiment
Kehrer, B. H., & Wolin, C. M. (1979) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/145316 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
State of the Art in Research on Equity in Health
Starfield, B. H. (2006) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-31-1-11 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Fauth, R. C., Leventhal, T., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.03.020 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Does Money Matter ? The Effects Of Cash Transfers On Child Health And Development In Rural Ecuador
Paxson, C. H., & Schady, N. (2007) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-4226 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
McLaughlin, A. E., Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., & Skinner, M. (2007) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01030.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Does Housing Mobility Policy Improve Health?
Acevedo‐García, D., Osypuk, T. L., Werbel, R. E., Meara, E. R., Cutler, D., & Berkman, L. F. (2004) · Housing Policy Debate · doi:10.1080/10511482.2004.9521495 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Why Pediatricians Need Lawyers to Keep Children Healthy
ZUCKERMAN, B. S., Sandel, M. T., Smith, L. A., & Lawton, E. M. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.114.1.224 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Huston, A. C., Duncan, G. J., McLoyd, V. C., Crosby, D. A., Ripke, M. N., Weisner, T. S., & Eldred, C. A. (2005) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.6.902 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Twenty five years of case finding and audit in a socially deprived community.
Hart, J. T., Thomas, C., Gibbons, B., Edwards, C. C., Hart, M. M., Jones, J., Jones, M., & Walton, P. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6791.1509 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Randomized Trial of the Early Start Program of Home Visitation: Parent and Family Outcomes
Fergusson, D. M., Grant, H., Horwood, L. J., & Ridder, E. M. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1517 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Norr, K. F., Crittenden, K. S., Lehrer, E. L., Reyes, O., Barnes‐Boyd, C., Nacion, K. W., & Watanabe, K. (2003) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.0737-1209.2003.20306.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Upstream Solutions: Does the Supplemental Security Income Program Reduce Disability in the Elderly?
HERD, P., SCHOENI, R. F., & HOUSE, J. S. (2008) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2007.00512.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Improved mortality among U.S. blacks, 1968-1978: The role of antiracist struggle
Cooper, R., Steinhauer, M., Schatzkin, A., & Miller, W. (1981) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.2190/wjep-vb83-gaut-xejr · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Primary-care Clinician Perceptions of Racial Disparities in Diabetes Care
Sequist, T. D., Ayanian, J. Z., Marshall, R., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Safran, D. G. (2008) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0510-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Decades of Work to Reduce Disparities in Health Care Produce Limited Success
Voelker, R. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.12.1411 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Universalism and Deconcentration: Why Race Still Matters in Poverty and Economic Development
Thompson, J. P. (1998) · Politics & Society · doi:10.1177/0032329298026002002 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Coronary Heart Disease Prevention in Primary Care: Seven Lessons From Three Decades
Hart, J. T. (1990) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/7.4.288 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hart, J. T., Edwards, C. C., Hart, M. M., Jones, J., Jones, M., Haines, A., & Watt, G. C. M. (1993) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6875.437 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Home Visiting for Intervention Delivery to Improve Rural Family Asthma Management
Horner, S. D. (2006) · Journal of Community Health Nursing · doi:10.1207/s15327655jchn2304_2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Moorhead, R. G. (2004) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107680409700313 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moorhead, R. G. (2004) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.3.132 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [26]Halpern D Mental Health and Built Environment London Taylor & Francis 1995
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Race, Socioeconomic Status and Health: Complexities, Ongoing Challenges and Research Opportunities
Williams, D. R., Mohammed, S., Leavell, J. P., & Collins, C. A. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05339.x · Cited by 1,407 · see citing works
Self-citationSTRUCTURAL RACISM AND HEALTH INEQUITIES: Old Issues, New Directions
Gee, G. C., & Ford, C. L. (2011) · Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x11000130 · Cited by 1,388 · see citing works
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pain: Causes and Consequences of Unequal Care
Anderson, K. O., Green, C. R., & Payne, R. (2009) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.10.002 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Understanding Racial-ethnic Disparities in Health: Sociological Contributions
Williams, D. R., & Sternthal, M. (2010) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146510383838 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth disparities across the lifespan: Meaning, methods, and mechanisms
Adler, N. E., & Stewart, J. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05337.x · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Daniel, H., Bornstein, S. S., & Kane, G. C. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m17-2441 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Implementation science should give higher priority to health equity
Brownson, R. C., Kumanyika, S., Kreuter, M. W., & Haire-Joshu, D. L. (2021) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-021-01097-0 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
A Life Course Perspective on How Racism May Be Related to Health Inequities
Gee, G. C., Walsemann, K. M., & Brondolo, E. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.300666 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Improving mental health access for low-income children and families in the primary care setting.
Hodgkinson, S., Godoy, L., Beers, L. S., & Lewin, A. (2017) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1175 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Influence of race, ethnicity and social determinants of health on diabetes outcomes.
Walker, R. J., Strom Williams, J., & Egede, L. E. (2016) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2016.01.008 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Inclusive Anti-bullying Policies and Reduced Risk of Suicide Attempts in Lesbian and Gay Youth
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Keyes, K. M. (2013) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.08.010 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Amaro, H. D. L. A., Sánchez, M., Bautista, T. G., & Cox, R. J. A. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108518 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Jackson, C. S., & Gracia, J. N. (2014) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1177/00333549141291s211 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., O’Cleirigh, C. M., Grasso, C., Mayer, K. H., Safren, S. A., & Bradford, J. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300382 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
American Cancer Society's report on the status of cancer disparities in the United States, 2021
Islami, F., Guerra, C. E., Minihan, A. K., Yabroff, K. R., Fedewa, S., Sloan, K., Wiedt, T. L., Thomson, B., Siegel, R., Nargis, N., et al. (2021) · Ca · doi:10.3322/caac.21703 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Allostatic Load Burden and Racial Disparities in Mortality
Duru, O. K., Harawa, N. T., Kermah, D., & Norris, K. C. (2012) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30120-6 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Black Lives Matter: A Commentary on Racism and Public Health
Jee-Lyn García, J., & Sharif, M. Z. (2015) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302706 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Poverty Grown Up: How Childhood Socioeconomic Status Impacts Adult Health
Conroy, K., Sandel, M. T., & ZUCKERMAN, B. S. (2010) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181c21a1b · Cited by 223 · see citing works
The potential of social enterprise to enhance health and well-being: A model and systematic review
Roy, M. J., Donaldson, C., Baker, R. M., & Kerr, S. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.031 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Bazemore, A., Cottrell, E., Gold, R. B., Hughes, L. S., Phillips, R. L., Angier, H. E., Burdick, T. E., Carrozza, M. A., & DeVoe, J. E. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocv088 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Díaz, A., Hyer, J. M., Barmash, E. A., Azap, R. A., Paredes, A. Z., & Pawlik, T. M. (2020) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000004691 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Koh, H. K., Oppenheimer, S. C., Massin-Short, S. B., Emmons, K. M., Geller, A. C., & Viswanath, K. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.167353 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Family income gradients in the health and health care access of US children.
Larson, K., & Halfon, N. (2010) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-009-0477-y · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Association of Low Socioeconomic Status With Premature Coronary Heart Disease in US Adults
Hamad, R., Penko, J. M., Kazi, D. S., Coxson, P. G., Guzman, D., Wei, P. C., Mason, A., Wang, E. A., Goldman, L., Fiscella, K. A., et al. (2020) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1458 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
DeVoe, J. E., Bazemore, A., Cottrell, E., Likumahuwa-Ackman, S., Grandmont, J., Spach, N., & Gold, R. B. (2016) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1903 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Financial and Social Hardships in Families of Children with Medical Complexity
Thomson, J. E., Shah, S. S., Simmons, J. M., Sauers‐Ford, H. S., Brunswick, S. A., Hall, D. E., Kahn, R. S., & Beck, A. F. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.01.049 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Beck, A. F., Huang, B., Wheeler, K., Lawson, N. R., Kahn, R. S., & Riley, C. L. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.007 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Bitsko, R. H., Holbrook, J. R., Robinson, L. R., Kaminski, J. W., Ghandour, R. M., Smith, C., EdS, & Peacock, G. (2016) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6509a1 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Johnson, A. M., Kirk, R., Rosenblum, K. L., & Muzik, M. (2014) · Breastfeeding Medicine · doi:10.1089/bfm.2014.0023 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Benach, J., Malmusi, D., Yasui, Y., & Martínez, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200363 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Han, S., Zhang, R. F., Shi, L., Richie, R., Liu, H., Tseng, A., Quan, W., Ryan, N., Brent, D., & Tsui, F. R. (2022) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2021.103984 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Reexamining “Defining Patient Experience”: The human experience in healthcare
Wolf, J. A., Niederhauser, V. P., Marshburn, D. M., & LaVela, S. L. (2021) · Patient Experience Journal · doi:10.35680/2372-0247.1594 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Mediation Analysis for Health Disparities Research
Naimi, A. I., Schnitzer, M. E., Moodie, E. E. M., & Bodnar, L. M. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv329 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Blosnich, J. R., Marsiglio, M. C., Gao, S., Gordon, A. J., Shipherd, J. C., Kauth, M. R., Brown, G. R., & Fine, M. J. (2016) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302981 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Hardman, R., Begg, S. J., & Spelten, E. R. (2020) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-020-5010-4 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Buoncristiano, M., Williams, J., Simmonds, P., Nurk, E., Ahrens, W., Nardone, P., Rito, A. I., Rutter, H., Bergh, I. H., Starc, G., et al. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13213 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Komro, K. A., Flay, B. R., & Biglan, A. (2011) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0095-2 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Ending the Epidemic of Heterosexual HIV Transmission Among African Americans
Adimora, A. A., Schoenbach, V. J., & Floris-Moore, M. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.06.020 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
A Road Map to Address the Social Determinants of Health Through Community Collaboration
Henize, A. W., Beck, A. F., Klein, M. D., Adams, M. M., & Kahn, R. S. (2015) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-0549 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Hahn, R. A., Truman, B. I., & Williams, D. R. (2018) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.10.006 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationPilot Study of Medical-Legal Partnership to Address Social and Legal Needs of Patients
Weintraub, D., Rodgers, M. A., Botcheva, L., Loeb, A., Knight, R., Ortega, K., Heymach, B., Sandel, M., & Huffman, L. (2010) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0311 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Perceived Discrimination and Health Outcomes
Hahm, H. C., Ozonoff, A., Gaumond, J., & Sue, S. (2010) · Women's Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2010.05.002 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Mapping Neighborhood Health Geomarkers To Clinical Care Decisions To Promote Equity In Child Health
Beck, A. F., Sandel, M. T., Ryan, P., & Kahn, R. S. (2017) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1425 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Klein, M. D., Beck, A. F., Henize, A. W., Parrish, D. S., Fink, E. E., & Kahn, R. S. (2013) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2013.0147 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Social determinants of health and US cancer screening interventions: A systematic review
Korn, A. R., Walsh‐Bailey, C., Correa-Méndez, M., DelNero, P. F., Pilar, M. R., Sandler, B., Brownson, R. C., Emmons, K. M., & Oh, A. (2023) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21801 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Lifecourse socioeconomic circumstances and multimorbidity among older adults
Tucker‐Seeley, R. D., Li, Y., Sorensen, G., & Subramanian, S. V. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-313 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Identifying and Treating a Substandard Housing Cluster Using a Medical-Legal Partnership
Beck, A. F., Klein, M. D., Schaffzin, J. K., Tallent, V., Gillam, M., & Kahn, R. S. (2012) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0769 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Forging a Pediatric Primary Care–Community Partnership to Support Food-Insecure Families
Beck, A. F., Henize, A. W., Kahn, R. S., Reiber, K. L., Young, J. J., & Klein, M. D. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3845 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Accumulation, Timing, and Duration of Early Childhood Adversity and Behavior Problems at Age 9
Schroeder, A., Slopen, N. B., & Mittal, M. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1496440 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Prioritizing health disparities in medical education to improve care
Awosogba, T., Betancourt, J. R., Conyers, F. G., Estapé, E. S., François, F., Gard, S. J., Kaufman, A., Lunn, M. R., Nivet, M. A., Oppenheim, J. D., et al. (2013) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12117 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Díaz, A., Barmash, E. A., Azap, R. A., Paredes, A. Z., Hyer, J. M., & Pawlik, T. M. (2020) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-020-04768-3 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Social Determinants of Health at Individual and Area Levels
Xia, M., An, J., Safford, M. M., Colantonio, L. D., Sims, M., Reynolds, K., Moran, A. E., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8584 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Wealth-Associated Disparities in Death and Disability in the United States and England
Makaroun, L. K., Brown, R. T., Diaz‐Ramirez, L. G., Ahalt, C., Boscardin, W. J., Lang‐Brown, S., & Lee, S. (2017) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.3903 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Blood Work: Managing Menstruation, Menopause and Gynaecological Health Conditions in the Workplace
Sang, K., Remnant, J., Calvard, T. S., & Myhill, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041951 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Vest, J. R., Grannis, S. J., Haut, D. P., Halverson, P. K., & Menachemi, N. (2017) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.09.008 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Community Household Income and Resource Utilization for Common Inpatient Pediatric Conditions
Fieldston, E. S., Zaniletti, I., Hall, M., Colvin, J. D., Gottlieb, L. M., Macy, M. L., Alpern, E. R., Morse, R. B., Hain, P. D., Sills, M. R., et al. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0619 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Ryan, A. M., Kutob, R. M., Suther, E., Hansen, M., & Sandel, M. T. (2012) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2012.0179 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
An Investigation Into the Social Context of Low-Income, Urban Black and Latina Women
Shelton, R. C., Goldman, R. E., Emmons, K. M., Sorensen, G., & Allen, J. D. (2011) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198110382502 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Social enterprise and wellbeing in community life
Farmer, J., Cotta, T. D., McKinnon, K., Barraket, J., Muñoz, S., Douglas, H., & Roy, M. J. (2016) · Social enterprise journal · doi:10.1108/sej-05-2016-0017 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The adoption of social determinants of health documentation in clinical settings
Kepper, M. M., Walsh‐Bailey, C., Prusaczyk, B., Zhao, M., Herrick, C., & Foraker, R. (2023) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.14039 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Understanding the Upstream Social Determinants of Health
Bharmal, N. H., Derose, K. P., Felician, M., & Weden, M. M. (2015) · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Identifying Social Risk via a Clinical Social History Embedded in the Electronic Health Record
Beck, A. F., Klein, M. D., & Kahn, R. S. (2012) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922812441663 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Brinda, E. M., Attermann, J., Gerdtham, U., & Enemark, U. (2016) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2016.08.005 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
O'Toole, T. P., Johnson, E. E., Redihan, S., Borgia, M. L., & Rose, J. S. (2015) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2015.0077 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Øversveen, E., Rydland, H. T., Bambra, C. L., & Eikemo, T. A. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494816686711 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cairney, P., Denny, E. S., & Mitchell, H. E. (2021) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.13178.2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Sly, J. R., Edwards, T. A., Shelton, R. C., & Jandorf, L. M. (2012) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198112459514 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Beck, A. F., Henize, A. W., Qiu, T., Huang, B., Zhang, Y., Klein, M. D., Parrish, D. S., Fink, E. E., & Kahn, R. S. (2022) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00905 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Beck, A. F., Anderson, K., Rich, K., Taylor, S. C., Iyer, S. B., Kotagal, U. R., & Kahn, R. S. (2019) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05496 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Geographic Variation in Hospitalization for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Across One County
Beck, A. F., Florin, T. A., Campanella, S., & Shah, S. S. (2015) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1148 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Social Ecology of Adherence to Hypertension Treatment in Latino Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers
Hall, E., Lee, S., Clark, P. C., & Perilla, J. L. (2014) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043659614524788 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
State-Level Progress in Reducing the Black–White Infant Mortality Gap, United States, 1999–2013
Speights, J. S. B., Goldfarb, S. S., Wells, B. A., Beitsch, L. M., Levine, R. S., & Rust, G. S. (2017) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2017.303689 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Álvarez, K., Cervantes, P. E., Nelson, K. L., Seag, D. E. M., Horwitz, S. M., & Hoagwood, K. (2021) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2021.12.006 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Scalable information extraction from free text electronic health records using large language models
Gu, B., Shao, V., Liao, Z., Carducci, V., Brufau, S. R., Yang, J., & Desai, R. J. (2025) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-025-02470-z · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Affording Housing at the Expense of Health
Hernández, D. (2014) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x14530970 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
An Anti-Racist Approach to Achieving Mental Health Equity in Clinical Care
Legha, R. K., & Miranda, J. M. (2020) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2020.05.002 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Theory vs Practice: Should Primary Care Practice Take on Social Determinants of Health Now? No.
Solberg, L. I. (2016) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1918 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
6. The Social Determinants of Chronic Disease
Hood, C. M., Pillai, P., & Lantz, P. M. (2016) · American Public Health Association eBooks · doi:10.2105/9780875532783ch06 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Cairney, P., Denny, E. S., & Mitchell, H. E. (2021) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.13178.1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Assari, S. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10050312 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Cunningham-Myrie, C. A., Theall, K. P., Younger, N. O. M., Mabile, E., Tulloch-Reid, M. K., Francis, D., McFarlane, S., Gordon-Strachan, G. M., & Wilks, R. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.08.004 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Poureslami, I. M., FitzGerald, J. M., Tregobov, N., Goldstein, R. S., Lougheed, M. D., & Gupta, S. (2022) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-022-02290-5 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Osei-Kwasi, H., Laar, A. K., Zotor, F. B., Pradeilles, R., Aryeetey, R., Green, M. A., Griffiths, P. L., Akparibo, R., Wanjohi, M., Rousham, E. K., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249621 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Boyd, J., Bambra, C. L., Purshouse, R. C., & Holmes, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18116025 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Addressing the Social Determinants of Health: A Call to Action for School Nurses
Schroeder, K., Malone, S. K., McCabe, E. M., & Lipman, T. H. (2018) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/1059840517750733 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Schroeder, K., McCormick, R., Pérez, A., & Lipman, T. H. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12714 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Roy, M. J., & Hackett, M. T. (2016) · Review of Social Economy · doi:10.1080/00346764.2016.1171383 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Structural racism theory, measurement, and methods: A scoping review
Wien, S., Miller, A. L., & Kramer, M. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1069476 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Assari, S., Boyce, S., Bazargan, M., Caldwell, C. H., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.00030 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pervasive Income-Based Disparities In Inpatient Bed-Day Rates Across Conditions And Subspecialties
Beck, A. F., Riley, C. L., Taylor, S. C., Brokamp, C., & Kahn, R. S. (2018) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1280 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mohamed, K., Ghabril, M., Desai, A. P., Orman, E. S., Patidar, K. R., Holden, J., Rawl, S. M., Chalasani, N., Kubal, C. A., & Nephew, L. D. (2022) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.26473 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hogan, V. K., Rowley, D. L., White, S. B., & Faustin, Y. F. (2018) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-017-2411-z · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Kiles, T. M., Borja‐Hart, N., Wofford, B. R., & Renfro, C. P. (2021) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2021.05.004 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Planning Model in Designing an Oral Health Strategy.
Binkley, C. J., & Johnson, K. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Schmidt, K. L., Merrill, S. M., Gill, R., Miller, G. E., Gadermann, A., & Kobor, M. S. (2021) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2021.100983 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Harmful Effect of Child Maltreatment on Economic Outcomes in Adulthood
Henry, K. L., Fulco, C. J., & Merrick, M. T. (2018) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2018.304635 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Medical-Legal Partnership: Impact on Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Pettignano, R., Caley, S. B., & Bliss, L. R. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0082 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Marko-Holguin, M., Cordel, S. L., Voorhees, B. W. V., Fogel, J., Sykes, E., Fitzgibbon, M., & Glassgow, A. E. (2019) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/11833 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
St-Pierre, M., Sinclair, I., Elgbeili, G., Bernard, P., & Dancause, K. N. (2019) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100385 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Disparate impacts on online information access during the Covid-19 pandemic
Suh, J., Horvitz, E., White, R. W., & Althoff, T. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34592-z · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Williams, D. R., Costa, M. V., Odunlami, A. O., & Mohammed, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Public Health Management and Practice
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- S8-S17
- ISSN
- 1078-4659 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3431152
- OpenAlex
- W2025820027
- Cited by
- 489
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 10.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Public Health Management and Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01hl087322-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01-HL 087322, U-01 HL 87322-02, 3U01HL087322-02S1, R01HL069413)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH059575, R01 MH 59575)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Public Health Policies and Education
- Keywords
- social determinants of health, health disparities, racial and ethnic disparities, socioeconomic status, housing conditions, neighborhood conditions, upstream interventions, health policy evaluation, health equity
- MeSH terms
- Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Social Class, United States, Health Status Disparities, Healthcare Disparities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
