Effect of Written Emotional Expression on Immune Function in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Randomized Trial
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether writing about emotional topics compared with writing about neutral topics could affect CD4+ lymphocyte count and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load among HIV-infected patients. Methods Thirty-seven HIV-infected patients were randomly allocated to 2 writing conditions focusing on emotional or control topics. Participants wrote for 4 days, 30 minutes per day. The CD4+ lymphocyte count and HIV viral load were measured at baseline and at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after writing. Results The emotional writing participants rated their essays as more personal, valuable, and emotional than those in the control condition. Relative to the drop in HIV viral load, CD4+ lymphocyte counts increased after the intervention for participants in the emotional writing condition compared with control writing participants. Conclusions The results are consistent with those of previous studies using emotional writing in other patient groups. Based on the self-reports of the value of writing and the preliminary laboratory findings, the results suggest that emotional writing may provide benefit for patients with HIV infection.
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Emotional suppression has been found to influence excessive alcohol intake and undesirable physiological processes that cause harmful changes in immune functioning and illness.
“For example, emotional suppression has been found to influence excessive intake of alcohol (e.g., Ehrmin, 2002) and undesirable physiological processes that result in detrimental changes in immune functioning and illness (Petrie, Booth, & Pennebaker, 1998; Petrie, Fontanilla, Thomas, Booth, & Pennebaker, 2004; Smyth, Stone, Hurewitz, & Kaell, 1999).”
From Superwoman Schema: African American Women’s Views on Stress, Strength, and Health (2010) · cites this paper as Petrie, Fontanilla, Thomas, Booth, & Pennebaker, 2004
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- Authors
- Petrie, K. J., Fontanilla, I., Thomas, M. G., Booth, R. J., & Pennebaker, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 272-275
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2054367804
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 13.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH59321)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Conservation › Art Therapy and Mental Health
- Keywords
- emotional writing, HIV infection, CD4 count, HIV viral load, immune function, expressive writing, psychoneuroimmunology, people living with HIV
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, HIV, Humans, Male, RNA, Viral, Writing, HIV Antibodies, HIV Infections, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Expressed Emotion, Viral Load
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