Temperature Monitoring and Perioperative Thermoregulation
Open accessAbstract
Most clinically available thermometers accurately report the temperature of whatever tissue is being measured. The difficulty is that no reliably core-temperature-measuring sites are completely noninvasive and easy to use-especially in patients not undergoing general anesthesia. Nonetheless, temperature can be reliably measured in most patients. Body temperature should be measured in patients undergoing general anesthesia exceeding 30 min in duration and in patients undergoing major operations during neuraxial anesthesia. Core body temperature is normally tightly regulated. All general anesthetics produce a profound dose-dependent reduction in the core temperature, triggering cold defenses, including arteriovenous shunt vasoconstriction and shivering. Anesthetic-induced impairment of normal thermoregulatory control, with the resulting core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat, is the primary cause of hypothermia in most patients. Neuraxial anesthesia also impairs thermoregulatory control, although to a lesser extent than does general anesthesia. Prolonged epidural analgesia is associated with hyperthermia whose cause remains unknown.
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Deep brain temperature is slightly higher than central blood temperature in the pulmonary artery (~0.2 °C) or in the esophagus (~0.3 °C) under resting conditions on Earth.
“Due to high metabolic activity, deep brain temperature is slightly higher than central blood temperature in the pulmonary artery (~0.2 °C) or in the esophagus (~0.3 °C) under resting conditions on Earth33.”
From Increased core body temperature in astronauts during long-duration space missions (2017) · cites this paper as [33]
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Self-citationGoetzl, L. M., Zighelboim, I., Badell, M. L., Rivers, J. M., Mastrangèlo, M. A., Tweardy, D. J., & Suresh, S. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.06.012 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Thermal Reinforcement and Thermoregulatory Behavior in the Goldfish, Carassius auratus
Rozin, P. N., & Mayer, J. (1961) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.134.3483.942 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Currás, M. C., Kelso, S. R., & Boulant, J. A. (1991) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018707 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Central Temperature Changes Are Poorly Perceived during Epidural Anesthesia
Glosten, B., Sessler, D. I., Faure, E. A. M., Karl, L. R., & Thisted, R. A. (1992) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199207000-00003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationAbsence of Nonshivering Thermogenesis in Anesthetized Adult Humans
Moayeri, A., McGuire, J., Hynson, J. M., et al. (1993) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199310000-00010 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hofer, C. K., Worn, M., Tavakoli, R., et al. (2005) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.07.002 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Altered control of skin blood flow at high skin and core temperatures
WYSS, C. R., Brengelmann, G. L., Johnson, J. M., et al. (1975) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1975.38.5.839 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Alfonsi, P., Adam, F., Passard, A., et al. (2003) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200401000-00010 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
A modified internal temperature measurement device
Togwa, T., Nemoto, T., Yamazaki, T., & Kobayashi, T. (1976) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/bf02478138 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Circadian changes in the sweating-to-vasoconstriction interthreshold range
Tayefeh, F., Plattner, O., Sessler, D. I., Ikeda, T., & Marder, D. (1998) · Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004240050530 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationLack of Nonshivering Thermogenesis in Infants Anesthetized with Fentanyl and Propofol
Plattner, O., Semsroth, M., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1997) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199704000-00006 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationAlheim, K., & Bartfai, T. (1998) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09548.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Mild hypothermia does not increase blood loss during total hip arthroplasty
Johansson, T., Lisander, B., & Ivarsson, I. (1999) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1399-6576.1999.431006.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Does Urinary Catheter Temperature Reflect Core Temperature during Cardiac Surgery?
Horrow, J. C., & Rosenberg, H. R. (1988) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-198812000-00037 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Association between epidural analgesia during labor and fever.
Vinson, D. C., Thomas, R., & Kiser, T. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Leslie, K., Sessler, D. I., Bjorksten, A. R., Ozaki, M., Matsukawa, T., Schroeder, M., & Lin, S. (1994) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199408000-00013 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationSynchronized slow-amplitude modulations in the electromyograms of shivering muscles
Israel, D. J., & Pozos, R. S. (1989) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1989.66.5.2358 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Desflurane Reduces the Gain of Thermoregulatory Arteriovenous Shunt Vasoconstriction in Humans
Kurz, A. M., Xiong, J., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1995) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199512000-00012 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationTemperature Monitoring and Management During Neuraxial Anesthesia: An Observational Study
Arkiliç, C. F., Akça, O., Taguchi, A., et al. (2000) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200009000-00031 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Chapter 17 The uncoupling protein thermogenin and mitochondrial thermogenesis
Nedergaard, J., & Cannon, B. (1992) · New comprehensive biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60185-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Widman, J., Hammarqvist, F., & Selldén, E. (2002) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200212000-00053 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Baudendistel, L. J., Goudsouzian, N. G., Coté, C. J., et al. (1984) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1984.tb08889.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Shivering and Shivering-like Tremor during Labor with and without Epidural Analgesia
Panzer, O. P. F., Ghazanfari, N., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1999) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199906000-00017 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationTemperature Monitoring Practices During Regional Anesthesia
Frank, S. M., Nguyen, J. M., Garcia, C. M., & Barnes, R. A. (1999) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-199902000-00028 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Magnesium Sulfate Stops Postanesthetic Shiveringa
Kizilirmak, S., KARAKAŞ, Ş. E., Akça, O., et al. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51784.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Washington, D. E., Sessler, D. I., McGuire, J., et al. (1992) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199208000-00011 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationUnintended effects of epidural analgesia during labor: A systematic review
LIEBERMAN, E. S. (2002) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2002.122522 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Ikeda, T., Sessler, D. I., Marder, D., & Xiong, J. (1997) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199703000-00012 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationOzaki, M., Sessler, D. I., Matsukawa, T., et al. (1997) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-199705000-00014 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationPernerstorfer, T., SCHMID, R., Bieglmayer, C., Eichler, H. G., Kapiotis, S., & Jilma, B. (1999) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0009-9236(99)70053-6 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Opioids Inhibit Febrile Responses in Humans, Whereas Epidural Analgesia Does Not
Negishi, C., Lenhardt, R., Ozaki, M., et al. (2001) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200102000-00009 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Some characteristics of core temperature signals in the conscious goat
Jessen, C., & Feistkorn, G. (1984) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1984.247.3.r456 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The effects of physical treatment on induced fever in humans
Lenhardt, R., Negishi, C., Sessler, D. I., Vuong, K., Bastanmehr, H., Kim, J. S., & Bjorksten, A. R. (1999) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00068-6 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Inaccuracy of Axillary Temperatures Measured With an Electronic Thermometer
Ogren, J. M. (1990) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150250121048 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Epidural analgesis in labor and fetal hyperthermia
Macaulay, J. H., Bond, K., & Steer, P. (1993) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(93)90760-t · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Is axillary temperature an appropriate surrogate for core temperature?
Lodha, R., Mukerji, N., Sinha, N., Pandey, R. M., & Jain, Y. K. (2000) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/bf02758482 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Goetzl, L. M., Rivers, J. M., Evans, T., Citron, D. R., Richardson, B. E., Lieberman, E., & Suresh, S. (2004) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211128 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Bissonnette, B., & Sessler, D. I. (1992) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199203000-00011 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperthermia associated with drug intoxication
Rosenberg, J. B., Pentel, P. R., Pond, S. M., et al. (1986) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198611000-00011 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Meperidine and Alfentanil Do Not Reduce the Gain or Maximum Intensity of Shivering
Ikeda, T., Sessler, D. I., Tayefeh, F., et al. (1998) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199804000-00003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationNitrous Oxide Decreases the Threshold for Vasoconstriction Less Than Sevoflurane or Isoflurane
Ozaki, M., Sessler, D. I., Suzuki, H., et al. (1995) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-199506000-00025 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationIsoflurane Alters Shivering Patterns and Reduces Maximum Shivering Intensity
Ikeda, T., Kim, J. S., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1998) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199804000-00004 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationHalothane Selectively Inhibits Nonshivering Thermogenesis
Dicker, A., Ohlson, K. B. E., Johnson, L., Cannon, B., Lindahl, S. G. E., & Nedergaard, J. (1995) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199502000-00019 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The accuracy and precision of four infrared aural canal thermometers during cardiac surgery
Imamura, M., Matsukawa, T., Ozaki, M., Sessler, D. I., NISHIYAMA, T., & Kumazawa, T. (1998) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05281.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationBissonnette, B., & Sessier, D. I. (1990) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199012000-00008 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Brownridge, P. (1986) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x8601400414 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Kaufman, R. D. (1987) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-198710000-00029 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Thermal Response in Acute Porcine Malignant Hyperthermia
Iaizzo, P. A., Kehler, C. H., Zink, R. S., et al. (1996) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-199604000-00019 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Nesher, N., Zisman, E., Wolf, T., et al. (2003) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200302000-00007 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Matsukawa, T., Hanagata, K., Ozaki, M., Iwashita, H., Koshimizu, M., & Kumazawa, T. (1997) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/78.4.396 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Significance of Facial Skin Temperature in the Chemical Heat Regulation of Premature Infants
Mestyán, J., Járai, I., Bata, G., et al. (2009) · Biologia Neonatorum · doi:10.1159/000239927 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Li, Y., Kilner, J. A., Chater, R. J., et al. (1993) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.355201 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Epidural Anesthesia Reduces the Gain and Maximum Intensity of Shivering
Kim, J.-S., Ikeda, T., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1998) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199804000-00002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationPrior Hypothermia Attenuates Malignant Hyperthermia in Susceptible Swine
Iaizzo, P. A., Kehler, C. H., Carr, R. J., et al. (1996) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-199604000-00022 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Greif, R. T., Laciny, S., Rajek, A., Doufas, A. G., & Sessler, D. I. (2003) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1399-6576.2003.00156.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Autonomic Nervous System and Regulation of Body Temperature
Hemingway, A., & Price, W. M. (1968) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-196807000-00012 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effect of Amino Acid Infusion on Central Thermoregulatory Control in Humans
Nakajima, Y., Takamata, A., Matsukawa, T., Sessler, D. I., Kitamura, Y., Ueno, H., Tanaka, Y., & Mizobe, T. (2004) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200403000-00025 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationLenhardt, R., Greif, R. T., Sessler, D. I., Laciny, S., Rajek, A., & Bastanmehr, H. (1999) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199908000-00016 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationAnaesthetic temperature and shivering in epidural anaesthesia
Ponte, J., Collett, B. J., & Walmsley, A. D. (1986) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1986.tb02480.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Endothelin-1 as a central mediator of LPS-induced fever in rats
Fabricio, A. S. C., Rae, G. A., D’Orléans-Juste, P., & de Souza, G. E. P. (2005) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.037 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Neither Nalbuphine nor Atropine Posses Special Antishivering Activity
Greif, R. T., Laciny, S., Rajek, A., Larson, M. D., Bjorksten, A. R., Doufas, A. G., Bakhshandeh, M., Mokhtarani, M., & Sessler, D. I. (2001) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200109000-00018 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationLopez, M., Ozaki, M., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1993) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199306000-00006 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationMizobe, T., Nakajima, Y., Ueno, H., et al. (2006) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200606000-00005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Continuous Monitoring of Skin Temperature Using a Liquid-Crystal Thermometer During Anesthesia
Burgess, G. E., Cooper, J. R., Marino, R. J., & Peuler, M. J. (1978) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-197805000-00012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The Effect of 30% Nitrous Oxide on Thermoregulatory Responses in Humans during Hypothermia
Passias, T. C., Mekjavić, I. B., & Eiken, O. (1992) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199204000-00011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The use of rectal temperature to monitor heat stroke.
Cj, A., Cook, J. R., Ta, M., & Cr, A. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Shivering Threshold during Spinal Anesthesia Is Reduced in the Elderly
Vassilieff, N., Rosencher, N., Sessler, D., et al. (1994) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199409001-00012 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationClonidine Increases the Sweating Threshold, but Does Not Reduce the Gain of Sweating
Delaunay, L., Herail, T., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1996) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-199610000-00033 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationCentral processing of cutaneous temperature information.
Poulos, D. A. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Initial Experience with a Novel Heat-Exchanging Catheter in Neurosurgical Patients
Doufas, A. G., Akça, O., Barry, A., et al. (2002) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200212000-00052 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Gross, J. B., Cohen, A., Lang, J. M., et al. (2002) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200207000-00022 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Nakajima, Y., Mizobe, T., Takamata, A., & Tanaka, Y. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.4.r1430 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Colburn, R. W., Winfree, C. J., Coombs, D. W., et al. (1991) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199109001-00593 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Comparison of distal oesophageal temperature with “deep” and tracheal temperatures
Matsukawa, T., Sessler, D. I., Ozaki, M., Hanagata, K., Iwashita, H., & Kumazawa, T. (1997) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/bf03014466 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationBenefits of intraoperative skin surface warming in cardiac surgical patients
Höhn, L., Schweizer, A., Kalangos, A., et al. (1998) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/80.3.318 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Desflurane Reduces the Febrile Response to Administration of Interleukin-2
Negishi, C., Lenhardt, R., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1998) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199805000-00005 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationOccult Core Hyperthermia Complicating Cardiogenic Shock
Buck, S. H., & ZARITSKY, A. L. (1989) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.83.5.782 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Catecholamine Stimulation of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption in Porcine Malignant Hyperthermia
Gronert, G. A., Theye, R. A., Milde, J. H., et al. (1978) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-197811000-00006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Alfentanil reduces the febrile response to interleukin-2 in humans
Negishi, C., Kim, J. S., Lenhardt, R., et al. (2000) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200005000-00006 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effects of hypoxia, anoxia, and endogenous ethanol on thermoregulation in goldfish,Carassius auratus
Rausch, R. N., Crawshaw, L. I., & Wallace, H. L. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.3.r545 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Reilly, D. R., & Oppenheimer, L. W. (2005) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)30513-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
EXTRADURALS AND SHIVERING: EFFECTS OF COLD AND WARM EXTRADURAL SALINE INJECTIONS IN VOLUNTEERS †
Ponte, J., & Sessler, D. I. (1990) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/64.6.731 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationIntravenous Lidocaine Does Not Cause Shivering-like Tremor or Alter Thermoregulation
Glosten, B., Faure, E. A. M., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1991) · Regional Anesthesia The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics Surgery & Pain Control · doi:10.1136/rapm-00115550-199116040-00007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationPeri-operative amino acid administration and the metabolic response to surgery
Selldén, E. (2002) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2002175 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Treatment of Shivering After Epidural Lidocaine
Harris, M. M., Lawson, D., Cooper, M. C., et al. (1989) · Regional Anesthesia The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics Surgery & Pain Control · doi:10.1136/rapm-00115550-198914010-00005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Nathan, H. J., & Polis, T. Z. (1995) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/bf03012663 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Perioperative hypothermia and postoperative opioid requirements
Persson, K., & Lundberg, J. (2001) · European Journal of Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2346.2001.00902.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Upright Posture Reduces Thermogenesis and Augments Core Hypothermia
Nakajima, Y., Takamata, A., Ito, T., Sessler, D. I., Kitamura, Y., Shimosato, G., Taniguchi, S., Matsuyama, H., Tanaka, Y., & Mizobe, T. (2002) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/00000539-200206000-00053 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationUpright Posture Reduces Thermogenesis and Augments Core Hypothermia
Nakajima, Y., Takamata, A., Ito, T., et al. (2002) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200206000-00053 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lopez, M., Ozaki, M., Sessler, D. I., et al. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/0952-8180(93)90109-r · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal fever during labor--what does it mean?
Churgay, C. A., Smith, M., & Blok, B. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kotani, N., Kushikata, T., Matsukawa, T., Sessler, D. I., Muraoka, M., Hashimoto, H., Ishihara, H., & MATSUKI, A. (1997) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199709000-00016 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDose ‐ response effects of atropine in human volunteers*
Boudet, J., Qing, W., Boyer‐Chammard, A., et al. (1991) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.1991.tb00752.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Evaluation of a new temperature management system during off-pump coronary artery bypass
Vassiliades, T. A. (2003) · Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1569-9293(03)00112-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A new infrared tympanic thermometer
Matsukawa, T., Kashimoto, S., Miyaji, T., Hanagata, K., Iriki, M., & Kumazawa, T. (1993) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s0054030070033 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nitrous oxide decreases shivering threshold in rabbits less than isoflurane
Imamura, M., Matsukawa, T., Ozaki, M., et al. (2003) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeg023 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Kwon, K., Kim, J. U., Deng, Y., Krishnan, S. R., Choi, J., Jang, H., Lee, K., Su, C.-J., Yoo, I., Wu, Y., et al. (2021) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-021-00556-2 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Wearable Devices for Precision Medicine and Health State Monitoring
Jeong, I. C., Bychkov, D., & Searson, P. C. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2018.2871638 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Kiyatkin, E. A. (2019) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2019.1691896 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Increased core body temperature in astronauts during long-duration space missions
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Monitoring in the Intensive Care
Kipnis, E., Ramsingh, D., Bhargava, M., Dincer, E., Cannesson, M., Broccard, A., Vallet, B., Bendjelid, K., & Thibault, R. (2012) · Critical Care Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2012/473507 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mäkinen, M.-T., Pesonen, A., Jousela, I., Päivärinta, J., Poikajärvi, S., Albäck, A., Salminen, U.-S., & Pesonen, E. (2016) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2016.03.141 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bijur, P. E., Shah, P. D., & Esses, D. (2016) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2015-205122 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kräuchi, K., Konieczka, K., Roescheisen-Weich, C., Gompper, B., Hauenstein, D., Schoetzau, A., Fraenkl, S., & Flammer, J. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.829482 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Temporal and spatial dispersion of human body temperature during deep hypothermia
Opatz, O., Trippel, T., Lochner, A., Werner, A., Stahn, A., Steinach, M., Lenk, J., Kuppe, H., & Gunga, H. C. (2013) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet217 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sessler, D. I., Warner, D. S., & Warner, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Venue
- Anesthesiology
- Published
- 2008-08-01
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 318-338
- ISSN
- 0003-3022 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2614355
- OpenAlex
- W1977651828
- Cited by
- 758
- References
- 196
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 4.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Anesthesiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r29gm039723-01a1, 5r01gm058273-04)
- U.S. Public Health Service (58273, 061655, 27345)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-39723, R01 GM058273, R01GM061655)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Keywords
- perioperative hypothermia, core body temperature, thermoregulation, general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia, epidural analgesia, hyperthermia, shivering, body temperature measurement
- MeSH terms
- Anesthesia, General, Body Temperature, Body Temperature Regulation, Humans, Hypothermia, Shivering, Skin Temperature, Sweating, Monitoring, Intraoperative
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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