Relative contribution of core and cutaneous temperatures to thermal comfort and autonomic responses in humans
Abstract
Subjective thermal comfort plays a critical role in body temperature regulation since this represents the primary stimulus for behavioral thermoregulation. Although both core (T c ) and skin-surface (T sk ) temperatures are known afferent inputs to the thermoregulatory system, the relative contributions of T c and T sk to thermal comfort are unknown. We independently altered T c and T sk in human subjects while measuring thermal comfort, vasomotor changes, metabolic heat production, and systemic catecholaminergic responses. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the relative T c /T sk contribution to thermal comfort and the autonomic thermoregulatory responses, by using the ratio of regression coefficients for T c and T sk . The T c /T sk contribution ratio was relatively lower for thermal comfort (1:1) than for vasomotor changes (3:1; P = 0.008), metabolic heat production (3.6:1; P = 0.001), norepinephrine (1.8:1; P = 0.03), and epinephrine (3:1; P = 0.006) responses. Thus T c and T sk contribute about equally toward thermal comfort, whereas T c predominates in regulation of the autonomic and metabolic responses.
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The relative contribution of core and skin temperatures to thermal comfort is approximately 50%:50%.
“It has been proposed that the relative contribution of core and skin temperatures to thermal comfort is approximately 50%:50% [55].”
From Drivers of diversity in human thermal perception – A review for holistic comfort models (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
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- Authors
- Frank, S. M., Raja, S. N., Bulcao, C. F., & Goldstein, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1999-05-01
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1588-1593
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2191112608
- Cited by
- 343
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (5MO1R00052)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS26363, R01NS026363)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- thermal comfort, core body temperature, skin temperature, thermoregulation, autonomic responses, vasomotor response, metabolic heat production, catecholamines, norepinephrine, epinephrine, skin surface temperature
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Autonomic Nervous System, Body Composition, Body Temperature, Body Temperature Regulation, Energy Metabolism, Epinephrine, Humans, Male, Muscle Tonus, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Norepinephrine, Skin Temperature
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