Efficacy of Tailor-Made Notched Music Training Versus Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Adults With Chronic Subjective Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
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OBJECTIVES: Chronic subjective tinnitus can have a serious effect on daily life, even causing serious psychological disorders. Currently there are no specific effective solutions or cures. Tailor-made notched music training (TMNMT) is a recently proposed sound therapy that has simpler processes and a higher compliance rate than tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT), a widely used treatment for chronic subjective tinnitus. This study explores the therapeutic effect of TMNMT in comparison to TRT to highlight its clinical value. DESIGN: The study was a randomized controlled, single-blinded clinical trial. One hundred twenty eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive TMNMT (n = 60) or TRT (n = 60) for 3 mo with concurrent follow-up. It should be noted that the duration of sound treatment in TRT was modified to 2 hr per day for better feasibility in practice. The primary outcome was mean change in tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) measured at baseline ( T0 ), 1 mo ( T1 ) and 3 mo ( T2 ) after intervention. Change in visual analog scale (VAS) was measured as a secondary outcome. A comparison of therapeutic effectiveness between TMNMT and TRT was evaluated by repeated measure analysis of variance. RESULTS: One hundred and twelve (93%) of participants took part in the study, of which 64 were men and 48 women. Mean (SD) age was 42.80 (12.91) years. Fifty-eight were allocated to receive TMNMT and 54 to receive TRT. The between-group difference in primary outcome was -6.90 points (95% confidence interval [CI], -13.53 to -0.27) at T1 and -6.17 points (95% CI, -13.04 to 0.71) at T2 . These results closely reached to clinical significance of tinnitus-related effective relief. For the secondary outcome, the mean value in the TMNMT group was 0.83 points (95% CI, 0.12 to 1.54), significantly lower than the mean value of the TRT group. The differences in THI and VAS between the two groups were statistically significant after intervention. Further analysis showed that age and baseline THI and VAS scores were associated with change in THI and VAS scores after interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Both TMNMT and TRT were able to alleviate chronic subjective tinnitus effectively after a 3 month intervention. When the two forms of therapy were compared TMNMT appeared to be more effective and consequently potentially superior to TRT for reducing tinnitus loudness and functional and emotional disturbance associated with chronic subjective tinnitus.
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TMNMT has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing tinnitus distress and is effective in reducing subjective tinnitus loudness and emotional disturbance.
“TMNMT has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing tinnitus distress and is also effective in reducing subjective tinnitus loudness and emotional disturbance.1820”
From SoundMind Trial: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial for online acceptance and commitment therapy and sound therapy for tinnitus (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
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Huang, X., Tang, D., Sun, S., & Li, H. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080863 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“18 Additionally, TMNMT has been shown to be more effective in reducing tinnitus distress than TRT. 39 CBT is currently the first-line evidence-based psycho-therapy for tinnitus and can significantly reduce tinnitus distress while reducing the impact of tinnitus comorbidities such as anxiety, depression and insomnia.”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Tong, Z., Deng, W., Huang, X., Dong, H., Li, J., Zhao, F., Chen, G., Zhou, X., Li, H., Lan, L., Huang, H., Chen, Y.-C., Zheng, Y., & Cai, Y.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- Nanjing First Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zheng, Yiqing
- Cai, Yuexin
- Venue
- Ear & Hearing
- Published
- 2022-12-08
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 670-681
- ISSN
- 0196-0202 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4667
- OpenAlex
- W4311935223
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Ear and Hearing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Noise Effects and Management
- Keywords
- chronic subjective tinnitus, tinnitus retraining therapy, sound therapy, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, tinnitus distress, treatment efficacy comparison, age as predictor of treatment response, medication adherence
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Music, Sound, Tinnitus, Treatment Outcome, Visual Analog Scale
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