The Tinnitus Functional Index: Development of a New Clinical Measure for Chronic, Intrusive Tinnitus

Meikle, Mary B.; Henry, James A.; Griest, Susan E.; Stewart, Barbara J.; Abrams, Harvey B.; McArdle, Rachel; Myers, Paula J.; Newman, Craig W.; Sandridge, Sharon; Turk, Dennis C.; Folmer, Robert L.; Frederick, Eric J.; House, John W.; Jacobson, Gary P.; Kinney, Sam E.; Martin, William H.; Nagler, Stephen M.; Reich, Gloria E.; Searchfield, Grant; Sweetow, Robert; Vernon, Jack A.

doi:10.1097/aud.0b013e31822f67c0

Cited by 793Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, GeneticsHearing Loss and RehabilitationNoise Effects and Management

The Tinnitus Functional Index: Development of a New Clinical Measure for Chronic, Intrusive Tinnitus

Meikle, Mary B., Henry, James A., Griest, Susan E., Stewart, Barbara J., Abrams, Harvey B., McArdle, Rachel, Myers, Paula J., Newman, Craig W. +13 more·2012·Ear & Hearing

DOI 10.1097/aud.0b013e31822f67c0

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Abstract

Objectives Chronic subjective tinnitus is a prevalent condition that causes significant distress to millions of Americans. Effective tinnitus treatments are urgently needed, but evaluating them is hampered by the lack of standardized measures that are validated for both intake assessment and evaluation of treatment outcomes. This work was designed to develop a new self-report questionnaire, the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), that would have documented validity both for scaling the severity and negative impact of tinnitus for use in intake assessment and for measuring treatment-related changes in tinnitus (responsiveness) and that would provide comprehensive coverage of multiple tinnitus severity domains. Design To use preexisting knowledge concerning tinnitus-related problems, an Item Selection Panel (17 expert judges) surveyed the content (175 items) of nine widely used tinnitus questionnaires. From those items, the Panel identified 13 separate domains of tinnitus distress and selected 70 items most likely to be responsive to treatment effects. Eliminating redundant items while retaining good content validity and adding new items to achieve the recommended minimum of 3 to 4 items per domain yielded 43 items, which were then used for constructing TFI Prototype 1.Prototype 1 was tested at five clinics. The 326 participants included consecutive patients receiving tinnitus treatment who provided informed consent-constituting a convenience sample. Construct validity of Prototyp…

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“It has been shown to be highly responsive to treatment-related changes in tinnitus.(20)”
BackgroundMethod
<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Alleviating The Distress Caused By Tinnitus, Hyperacusis And Misophonia: Current Perspectives</p>
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Cochlear Implantation for Treatment of Tinnitus in Single-sided Deafness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Prospective Multicentric Follow-up Study of Cochlear Implantation in Adults With Single-Sided Deafness: Tinnitus and Audiological Outcomes
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Different bimodal neuromodulation settings reduce tinnitus symptoms in a large randomized trial
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Development and technical functionality of an Internet-based intervention for tinnitus in the UK
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“This recommended method has been used for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) [28], the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) [29,30], and the Tinnitus Functional index (TFI) [31,32,35], as well as for numeric scales of tinnitus loudness [6,36].”
Influential
Increased Frontal Response May Underlie Decreased Tinnitus Severity
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Performance of the Tinnitus Functional Index as a diagnostic instrument in a UK clinical population
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Right-Ear Advantage for Speech-in-Noise Recognition in Patients with Nonlateralized Tinnitus and Normal Hearing Sensitivity
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Effects of Electrical Stimulation in Tinnitus Patients: Conventional Versus High-Definition tDCS
Jacquemin, L., Shekhawat, G. S., de Heyning, P. V., Mertens, G., Fransén, E., Rompaey, V. V., Topsakal, V., Moyaert, J., Beyers, J., & Gilles, A. (2018) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968318787916 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Whole scalp resting state EEG of oscillatory brain activity shows no parametric relationship with psychoacoustic and psychosocial assessment of tinnitus: A repeated measures study
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Investigating the Effects of a Personalized, Spectrally Altered Music-Based Sound Therapy on Treating Tinnitus: A Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
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Multidisciplinary Tinnitus Research: Challenges and Future Directions From the Perspective of Early Stage Researchers
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Multisensory attention training for treatment of tinnitus
Spiegel, D. P., Linford, T., Thompson, B. S., Petoe, M. A., Kobayashi, K., Stinear, C. M., & Searchfield, G. D. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep10802 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Mixed-Methods Trial of Broad Band Noise and Nature Sounds for Tinnitus Therapy: Group and Individual Responses Modeled under the Adaptation Level Theory of Tinnitus
Durai, M., & Searchfield, G. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00044 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Efficacy of tinnitus retraining therapy in the treatment of tinnitus: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Han, M., Yang, X. Y., & Lv, J. (2021) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103151 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

POSTER PRESENTATION Open Access UK validation of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) in a large research population
Fackrell, K., Hall, D. A., Barry, J. G., & Hoare, D. J. (2016)
Psychometric Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness of the Tinnitus Functional Index
Chandra, N., Chang, K., Lee, A. C., Shekhawat, G., & Searchfield, G. (2018) · Journal of american academy of audiology · doi:10.3766/jaaa.16171 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
Validation of a new questionnaire measure of tinnitus functioning and disability for use in the UK: the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI)
Fackrell, K. (2016) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)
Tinnitus Functional Index: Development, validation, outcomes research, and clinical application
Henry, J. A., Griest, S. E., Thielman, E. J., McMillan, G. P., Kaelin, C., & Carlson, K. F. (2015) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2015.06.004 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citation
UK validation of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) in a large research population
Fackrell, K., Hall, D. A., Barry, J. G., & Hoare, D. J. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-16-s1-p20 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Authors: Meikle, M. B., Henry, J. A., Griest, S. E., Stewart, B. J., Abrams, H. B., McArdle, R., Myers, P. J., Newman, C. W., Sandridge, S., Turk, D. C., Folmer, R. L., Frederick, E. J., House, J. W., Jacobson, G. P., Kinney, S. E., Martin, W. H., Nagler, S. M., Reich, G. E., Searchfield, G., Sweetow, R., & Vernon, J. A.
Affiliations: Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Bay Pines VA Healthcare System (US)
James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (US)
Cleveland Clinic (US)
University of Washington (US)
House Clinic (US)
Vanderbilt University (US)
University of Auckland (NZ)
Corresponding author: Henry, James A.
ORCID: Henry, James A.
Abrams, Harvey B.
McArdle, Rachel
Sandridge, Sharon
Folmer, Robert L.
Jacobson, Gary P.
Searchfield, Grant
Venue: Ear & Hearing
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2012-03
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 153-176
ISSN: 0196-0202 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/aud.0b013e31822f67c0
OpenAlex: W2001993563
Cited by: 792
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 55 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 6.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Ear and Hearing (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Noise Effects and Management
Keywords: Tinnitus Functional Index, chronic subjective tinnitus, tinnitus severity, tinnitus distress, self-report questionnaire development, treatment outcome assessment, responsiveness, content validity, construct validity, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, convergent and discriminant validity, factor structure, patient-reported outcomes
MeSH terms: Chronic Disease, Depression, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Medical History Taking, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Tinnitus, Reproducibility of Results, Self Report

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The Tinnitus Functional Index: Development of a New Clinical Measure for Chronic, Intrusive Tinnitus

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