Delirium in critically ill patients: Impact on long-term health-related quality of life and cognitive functioning*

van den Boogaard, Mark; Schoonhoven, Lisette; Evers, Andrea W.M.; van der Hoeven, Johannes G.; van Achterberg, Theo; Pickkers, Peter

doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31822e9fc9

Cited by 362Intensive Care Unit Cognitive DisordersTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchAlcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency

Delirium in critically ill patients: Impact on long-term health-related quality of life and cognitive functioning*

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van den Boogaard, Mark, Schoonhoven, Lisette, Evers, Andrea W.M., van der Hoeven, Johannes G., van Achterberg, Theo, Pickkers, Peter·2012·Critical Care Medicine

DOI 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31822e9fc9

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of delirium during intensive care unit stay on long-term health-related quality of life and cognitive function in intensive care unit survivors. DESIGN: Prospective 18-month follow-up study. SETTING: Four intensive care units of a university hospital. PATIENTS: A median of 18 months after intensive care discharge, questionnaires were sent to 1,292 intensive care survivors with (n = 272) and without (n = 1020) delirium during their intensive care stay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The Short Form-36v1, checklist individual strength-fatigue, and cognitive failure questionnaire were used. Covariance analysis was performed to adjust for relevant covariates. Of the 915 responders, 171 patients were delirious during their intensive care stay (median age 65 [interquartile range 58-85], Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 17 [interquartile range 14-20]), and 745 patients were not (median age 65 [interquartile range 57-72], Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 13 [interquartile range 10-16]). After adjusting for covariates, no differences were found between delirium and nondelirium survivors on the Short Form-36 and checklist individual strength-fatigue. However, survivors who had suffered from delirium reported that they made significantly more social blunders, and their total cognitive failure questionnaire score was significantly higher, compared to survivors who had not been delirious. Survivors of a hypoactive delirium subtype performed significantly better on the domain mental health than mixed and hyperactive delirium patients. Duration of delirium was significantly correlated to problems with memory and names. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care survivors with delirium during their intensive care unit stay had a similar adjusted health-related quality of life evaluation, but significantly more cognitive problems than those who did not suffer from delirium, even after adjusting for relevant covariates. In addition, the duration of delirium was related to long-term cognitive problems.

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Psychological morbidity has a significant impact on quality-of-life post ICU.
“Psychological morbidity has a significant impact on quality-of-life post ICU39,40”
From “It saved me”: A thematic analysis of experiences of psychological therapy following critical illness and intensive care (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
The Discussion and conclusion reports that, 18 months after ICU discharge, patients who had experienced delirium had significantly more cognitive problems but no adjusted difference from patients without delirium on any SF-36 quality-of-life domain. The paper therefore does not find the significant overall quality-of-life impact attributed to it, although it reports worse mental-health scores for some delirium subtypes. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Hanania, M., & Kitain, E. (2002) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200202000-00019 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Intensive care unit environment may affect the course of delirium
Zaal, I. J., Spruyt, C. F., Peelen, L. M., van Eijk, M. M. J., Wientjes, R., Schneider, M. M. E., Kesecioğlu, J., & Slooter, A. J. C. (2012) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2726-6 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Pilot Randomized Trial of Donepezil Hydrochloride for Delirium After Hip Fracture
Marcantonio, E. R., Palihnich, K., Appleton, P., & Davis, R. B. (2011) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03691.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Delirium in the intensive care unit
Morandi, A., Jackson, J. C., & Ely, E. W. (2009) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260802675296 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Limitations and practicalities of CAM-ICU implementation, a delirium scoring system, in a Dutch intensive care unit
Riekerk, B., Pen, E. J., Hofhuis, J. G. M., Rommes, J. H., Schultz, M. J., & Spronk, P. E. (2009) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2009.04.001 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The impact of delirium on the prediction of in-hospital mortality in intensive care patients
van den Boogaard, M., Peters, S. A. E., van der Hoeven, J. G., Dagnelie, P. C., Leffers, P., Pickkers, P., & Schoonhoven, L. (2010) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc9214 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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The (Un)Importance of Cerebral Microemboli
Kruis, R. W. J., Vlasveld, F. A. E., & van Dijk, D. (2010) · Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1177/1089253210370903 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Current Perceptions and Practices Surrounding the Recognition and Treatment of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Survey of 250 Critical Care Pharmacists from Eight States
Devlin, J. W., Bhat, S., Roberts, R. J., & Skrobik, Y. K. (2011) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1q332 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Association Between Psychoactive Medications and Delirium in Hospitalized Patients: A Critical Review
Gaudreau, J., Gagnon, P. R., Roy, M., Harel, F., & Tremblay, A. (2005) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.46.4.302 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Neuroimaging studies of delirium: A systematic review
Soiza, R. L., Sharma, V. K., Ferguson, K. J., Shenkin, S. D., Seymour, D. G., & MacLullich, A. M. J. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.05.021 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The science of implementation: changing the practice of critical care
Weinert, C., & Mann, H. J. (2008) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0b013e3283079eb5 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Delirium in critical care unit patients admitted through an emergency room
Kishi, Y., Iwasaki, Y., Takezawa, K., Kurosawa, H., & Endo, S. (1995) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(95)00056-w · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Brain autopsy findings in intensive care unit patients previously suffering from delirium: A pilot study
Janz, D. R., Abel, T. W., Jackson, J. C., Gunther, M. L., Heckers, S., & Ely, E. W. (2010) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.05.004 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Delirium in Older Patients in Surgical Intensive Care Units
Balas, M. C., Deutschman, C. S., Sullivan‐Marx, E. M., Strumpf, N. E., Alston, R. P., & Richmond, T. S. (2007) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00160.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Antipsychotic use and diagnosis of delirium in the intensive care unit
Swan, J. T., Fitousis, K., Hall, J. B., Todd, S., & Turner, K. L. (2012) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc11342 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Long term outcome after delirium in the intensive care unit
Rompaey, B. V., Schuurmans, M. J., Shortridge‐Baggett, L. M., Truijen, S., Elseviers, M. M., & Bossaert, L. L. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02933.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Recognition of delirium in ICU patients: a diagnostic study of the NEECHAM confusion scale in ICU patients
Immers, H. E., Schuurmans, M. J., & van der Bijl, J. J. (2005) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/1472-6955-4-7 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Drug treatment of delirium: Past, present and future
Bourne, R. S., Tahir, T. A., Borthwick, M., & Sampson, E. L. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.05.025 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Changes in health-related quality of life and factors predicting long-term outcomes in older adults admitted to intensive care units*
Khouli, H. I., Astua, A. J., Dombrowski, W., Ahmad, F., Homel, P., Shapiro, J. M., Singh, J. S., Nallamothu, R., Mahbub, H., Eden, E., et al. (2011) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e318208edf8 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Delirium in Older Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review
Flaherty, J. H., Gonzales, J. P., & Dong, B. (2011) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03675.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Delirium in postoperative nonventilated intensive care patients: risk factors and outcomes
Serafim, R. B., Dutra, M. F., Saddy, F., Tura, B. R., de Castro, J. E. C., Villarinho, L. C., Santos, M. D. G., Bozza, F. A., & Rocco, J. R. (2012) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/2110-5820-2-51 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Management of Delirium Tremens
DeBellis, R. J., Smith, B. S., Choi, S., & Malloy, M. (2005) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/0885066605275353 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Review Article: The Role of Neuroimaging in Elucidating Delirium Pathophysiology
Alsop, D. C., Fearing, M. A., Johnson, K. A., Sperling, R. A., Fong, T. G., & Inouye, S. K. (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.12.1287 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
White Matter Abnormalities as a Risk Factor for Postoperative Delirium Revealed by Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Shioiri, A., Kurumaji, A., Takeuchi, T., Matsuda, H., Arai, H., & Nishikawa, T. (2010) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181d145c5 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Individual delirium symptoms: Do they matter?*
Marquis, F., Ouimet, S., Riker, R. R., Cossette, M., & Skrobik, Y. K. (2007) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000284506.43390.f3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
What Do We Really Know About the Treatment of Delirium with Antipsychotics? Ten Key Issues for Delirium Pharmacotherapy
Meagher, D. J., McLoughlin, L., Leonard, M. M., Hannon, N., Dunne, C. P., & O’Regan, N. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.09.008 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Review
Morandi, A., & Jackson, J. C. (2011) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2011.08.004 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
A pilot study of rivastigmine in the treatment of delirium after stroke: A safe alternative
Oldenbeuving, A. W., de Kort, P. L. M., Jansen, B. P. W., Kappelle, L. J., & Roks, G. (2008) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-8-34 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Rivastigmine in the treatment of delirium in older people: a pilot study
Overshott, R., Vernon, M. J., Morris, J., & Burns, A. S. (2010) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610209991359 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety After Delirium
Davydow, D. S. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.50.4.309 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Can Intensive Care Unit Delirium Be Prevented and Reduced?. Lessons Learned and Future Directions
Hsieh, S.-J. J., Ely, E. W., & Gong, M. N. (2013) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201307-232fr · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Non-pharmacological interventions in the prevention of delirium
Tabet, N., & Howard, R. J. (2009) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afp039 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Impact of Acute Brain Dysfunction in the Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Cancer Patients
Almeida, I. C. T., Soares, M., Bozza, F. A., Righy, C., Bujokas, R., de Souza-Dantas, V. C., Ely, E. W., & Salluh, J. I. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085332 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Pharmacological treatment for the prevention of delirium: review of current evidence
Tabet, N., & Howard, R. J. (2009) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2220 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Association of pre‐operative brain pathology with post‐operative delirium in a cohort of non‐small cell lung cancer patients undergoing surgical resection
Root, J. C., Pryor, K. O., Downey, R. J., Alici, Y., Davis, M. L., Holodny, A. I., Korc‐Grodzicki, B., & Ahles, T. A. (2013) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.3262 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Successful Treatment of Nonanticholinergic Delirium With a Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Fischer, P. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004714-200102000-00026 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Delirium in Intensive Care Unit Patients
van Eijk, M. M. J., & Slooter, A. J. C. (2010) · Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1177/1089253210371495 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Movement Disorders Associated With Withdrawal From High-Dose Intravenous Haloperidol Therapy in Delirious ICU Patients
Riker, R. R., Fraser, G. L., & Richen, P. (1997) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.111.6.1778 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Prevention of ICU delirium and delirium-related outcome with haloperidol: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
van den Boogaard, M., Slooter, A. J. C., Brüggemann, R. J. M., Schoonhoven, L., Kuiper, M. A., van der Voort, P. H. J., Hoogendoorn, M. E., Beishuizen, A., Schouten, J. A., Spronk, P. E., et al. (2013) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-400 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Duration of ICU Delirium, Severity of the Underlying Disease, and Mortality
van Eijk, M. M. J., & Slooter, A. J. C. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.181.4.419b · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Temperature Variability during Delirium in ICU Patients: An Observational Study
van der Kooi, A. W., Kappen, T. H., Raijmakers, R., Zaal, I. J., & Slooter, A. J. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078923 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Light levels of sedation and DSM-5 criteria for delirium
Zaal, I. J., & Slooter, A. J. C. (2013) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-013-3192-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

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[20]20. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). 4th Edition. Washington D.C., 1994

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Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU
Devlin, J. W., Skrobik, Y. K., Gélinas, C., Needham, D. M., Slooter, A. J. C., Pandharipande, P. P., Watson, P. L., Weinhouse, G. L., Nunnally, M., Rochwerg, B. N., et al. (2018) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003299 · Cited by 4,074 · see citing works
Delirium
Wilson, J. E., Mart, M. F., Cunningham, C. M., Shehabi, Y., Girard, T. D., MacLullich, A. M. J., Slooter, A. J. C., & Ely, E. W. (2020) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-020-00223-4 · Cited by 1,280 · see citing works
Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Salluh, J. I., Wang, H., Schneider, E. B., Nagaraja, N., Yenokyan, G., Damluji, A. A., Serafim, R. B., & Stevens, R. D. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h2538 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
Sedation and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit
Reade, M. C., & Finfer, S. R. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1208705 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Cognitive Outcomes Study: Long-Term Neuropsychological Function in Survivors of Acute Lung Injury
Mikkelsen, M. E., Christie, J. D., Lanken, P. N., Biester, R. C., Thompson, B. T., Bellamy, S. L., Localio, A. R., Demissie, E., Hopkins, R. O., & Angus, D. C. (2012) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201111-2025oc · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Association of Delirium With Long-term Cognitive Decline: A Meta-analysis
Goldberg, T. E., Chen, C., Wang, Y., Jung, E., Swanson, A., Ing, C., Garcia, P. S., Whittington, R. A., & Moitra, V. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2273 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Early Intensive Care Sedation Predicts Long-Term Mortality in Ventilated Critically Ill Patients
Shehabi, Y., Bellomo, R., Reade, M. C., Bailey, M., Bass, F. E., Howe, B. D., McArthur, C. J., Seppelt, I., Webb, S. A. R., & Weisbrodt, L. (2012) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201203-0522oc · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Effect of Dexmedetomidine Added to Standard Care on Ventilator-Free Time in Patients With Agitated Delirium
Reade, M. C., Eastwood, G. M., Bellomo, R., Bailey, M., Bersten, A. D., Cheung, B. K., Davies, A., Delaney, A. P., Ghosh, A., van Haren, F. M. P., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.2707 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Executive Summary: Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU
Devlin, J. W., Skrobik, Y., Gélinas, C., Needham, D. M., Slooter, A. J. C., Pandharipande, P. P., Watson, P. L., Weinhouse, G. L., Nunnally, M. E., Rochwerg, B., et al. (2018) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003259 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Acute Brain Failure
Maldonado, J. R. (2017) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2017.03.013 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Low-Dose Nocturnal Dexmedetomidine Prevents ICU Delirium. A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial
Skrobik, Y. K., Duprey, M. S., Hill, N. S., & Devlin, J. W. (2018) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201710-1995oc · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Effect of Haloperidol on Survival Among Critically Ill Adults With a High Risk of Delirium
van den Boogaard, M., Slooter, A. J. C., Brüggemann, R. J. M., Schoonhoven, L., Beishuizen, A., Vermeijden, W., Pretorius, D., de Koning, J., Simons, K. S., Dennesen, P., et al. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0160 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
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Delirium in the ICU: an overview
Cavallazzi, R., Saad, M., & Marik, P. E. (2012) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/2110-5820-2-49 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Prevention and Management of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit
Mart, M. F., Roberson, S. W., Salas, B., Pandharipande, P. P., & Ely, E. W. (2020) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1710572 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure
Romero‐Gómez, M., Montagnese, S., & Jalan, R. (2014) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.09.005 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Effectiveness and Safety of an Extended ICU Visitation Model for Delirium Prevention: A Before and After Study*
Rosa, R. G., Tonietto, T. F., da Silva, D. B., Gutierres, F. A., Ascoli, A. M., Madeira, L. C., Rutzen, W., Falavigna, M., Robinson, C. C., Salluh, J. I., et al. (2017) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000002588 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Biomarkers associated with delirium in critically ill patients and their relation with long-term subjective cognitive dysfunction; indications for different pathways governing delirium in inflamed and noninflamed patients
van den Boogaard, M., Kox, M., Quinn, K. L., van Achterberg, T., van der Hoeven, J. G., Schoonhoven, L., & Pickkers, P. (2011) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc10598 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
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Long-term outcome of delirium during intensive care unit stay in survivors of critical illness: a prospective cohort study
Wolters, A. E., van Dijk, D., Pasma, W., Cremer, O. L., Looije, M. F., de Lange, D. W., Veldhuijzen, D. S., & Slooter, A. J. C. (2014) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc13929 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment after intensive care unit admission: a systematic review
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Pediatric Delirium and Associated Risk Factors
Silver, G. H., Traube, C., Gerber, L. M., Sun, X., Kearney, J. A., Patel, A. K., & Greenwald, B. M. (2015) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000000356 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
A hospital-wide evaluation of delirium prevalence and outcomes in acute care patients - a cohort study
Schubert, M., Schürch, R., Böettger, S., Núñez, D. G., Schwarz, U., Béttex, D., Jenewein, J., Bogdanović, J., Stähli, M. L., Spirig, R., et al. (2018) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3345-x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of delirium in critically ill adults
Burry, L. D., Hutton, B., Williamson, D. R., Mehta, S., Adhikari, N. K. J., Cheng, W., Ely, E. W., Egerod, I., Fergusson, D. A., & Rose, L. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011749.pub2 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Delirium in Children after Cardiac Bypass Surgery
Patel, A. K., Biagas, K. V., Clarke, E. C., Gerber, L. M., Mauer, E., Silver, G., Chai, P., Corda, R., & Traube, C. (2017) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000001032 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Implementing Delirium Screening in the ICU
Brummel, N. E., Vasilevskis, E. E., Han, J. H., Boehm, L. M., Pun, B. T., & Ely, E. W. (2013) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31829a6f1e · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia para el manejo de la sedoanalgesia en el paciente adulto críticamente enfermo
Celis-Rodríguez, E., Birchenall-Jiménez, C. I., de la Cal, M. Á., Arellano, G. C., Hernández, A., Ceraso, D., Cortés, J. C. D., Castell, C. R. D., Jimenez, E. J., Meza, J. C., et al. (2013) · Medicina Intensiva · doi:10.1016/j.medin.2013.04.001 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Haloperidol prophylaxis in critically ill patients with a high risk for delirium
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The future of intensive care: delirium should no longer be an issue
Kotfis, K., Zaal, I. J., Roberson, S. W., Sietnicki, M., van den Boogaard, M., Shehabi, Y., & Ely, E. W. (2022) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-022-04077-y · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Recalibration of the delirium prediction model for ICU patients (PRE-DELIRIC): a multinational observational study
van den Boogaard, M., Schoonhoven, L., Maseda, E., Plowright, C. I., Jones, C., Luetz, A., Sackey, P., Jorens, P. G., Aitken, L. M., van Haren, F. M. P., et al. (2014) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-013-3202-7 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
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Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults
Herling, S. F., Greve, I. E., Vasilevskis, E. E., Egerod, I., Mortensen, C. B., Møller, A. M., Svenningsen, H., & Thomsen, T. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009783.pub2 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Management of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients
Hipp, D. M., & Ely, E. W. (2012) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-011-0102-9 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Risk factors and outcomes among delirium subtypes in adult ICUs: A systematic review
Krewulak, K. D., Stelfox, H. T., Ely, E. W., & Fiest, K. M. (2020) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.01.017 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Delirium in critically ill patients
Slooter, A. J. C., van de Leur, R. R., & Zaal, I. J. (2017) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63599-0.00025-9 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Prevalence and risk factors related to haloperidol use for delirium in adult intensive care patients: The multinational AID-ICU inception cohort study
Collet, M. O., Caballero, J., Sonneville, R., Bozza, F. A., Nydahl, P., Schandl, A., Wøien, H., Citerio, G., van den Boogaard, M., Hästbacka, J., et al. (2018) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5204-y · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Delirium Symptoms. Length of Stay, Function, and Quality of Life in a 114-Patient Cohort
Naidech, A. M., Beaumont, J. L., Rosenberg, N. F., Maas, M. B., Kosteva, A. R., Ault, M. L., Cella, D. F., & Ely, E. W. (2013) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201307-1256oc · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Long-Term Cognitive Impairment After Critical Illness: A Systematic Review
Sakusic, A., O’Horo, J. C., Dziadzko, M. A., Dziadzko, V., Ali, R., Singh, T. D., Kashyap, R., Farrell, A. M., Fryer, J. D., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2018) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.11.005 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Delirium in Critically Ill Patients
Zaal, I. J., & Slooter, A. J. C. (2012) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/11635520-000000000-00000 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
A Combined Early Cognitive and Physical Rehabilitation Program for People Who Are Critically Ill: The Activity and Cognitive Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit (ACT-ICU) Trial
Brummel, N. E., Jackson, J. C., Girard, T. D., Pandharipande, P. P., Schiro, E., Work, B. D., Pun, B. T., Boehm, L. M., Gill, T. M., & Ely, E. W. (2012) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20110414 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Neurological features of COVID-19 and their treatment: a review
Orsucci, D., Ienco, E. C., Nocita, G., Napolitano, A., & Vista, M. (2020) · Drugs in Context · doi:10.7573/dic.2020-5-1 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Preventing ICU Subsyndromal Delirium Conversion to Delirium With Low-Dose IV Haloperidol
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Authors: van den Boogaard, M., Schoonhoven, L., Evers, A. W. M., van der Hoeven, J. G., van Achterberg, T., & Pickkers, P.
Affiliations: Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
ORCID: Schoonhoven, Lisette
Evers, Andrea W.M.
Pickkers, Peter
Venue: Critical Care Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2012-01
Volume: 40
Issue: 1
Pages: 112-118
ISSN: 0090-3493 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31822e9fc9
OpenAlex: W2061187046
Cited by: 361
References: 206
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 13.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
Locations: Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Lirias (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
Keywords: delirium, intensive care unit survivors, health-related quality of life, cognitive function, long-term cognitive impairment, hypoactive delirium, hyperactive delirium, delirium duration, memory impairment, post-intensive care syndrome
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Delirium, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Critical Illness

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Delirium in critically ill patients: Impact on long-term health-related quality of life and cognitive functioning*

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