Cited by 331Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentBipolar Disorder and Treatment

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New Insights Into the Comorbidity Between ADHD and Major Depression in Adolescent and Young Adult Females

BIEDERMAN, JOSEPH, BALL, SARAH W., MONUTEAUX, MICHAEL C., MICK, ERIC, SPENCER, THOMAS J., McCREARY, MICHELLE, COTE, MICHELLE, FARAONE, STEPHEN V.·2008·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1097/chi.0b013e31816429d3

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Abstract

Objective The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depression (MD) in adolescent and young adult females.Method Subjects were females with (n = 140) and without (n = 122) ADHD ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric settings. Subjects were followed prospectively for 5 years into adolescence and young adulthood and reassessed in multiple nonoverlapping domains including psychiatric, cognitive, interpersonal, family, and educational functioning.Results Females with ADHD had a 2.5 times higher risk for MD at adolescent follow-up compared with control females, adjusting for psychiatric comorbidity. MD in females with ADHD was associated with an earlier age at onset, greater than twice the duration, more severe depression-associated impairment, a higher rate of suicidality, and a greater likelihood of requiring psychiatric hospitalization than MD in control girls. Parental MD and proband mania were significant predictors of MD among females with ADHD, independently of other predictors.Conclusions MD emerging in the context of ADHD in females is an impairing and severe comorbidity worthy of further clinical and scientific considerations.

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Authors: BIEDERMAN, J., BALL, S. W., MONUTEAUX, M. C., MICK, E., SPENCER, T. J., McCREARY, M., COTE, M., & FARAONE, S. V.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: BIEDERMAN, JOSEPH
ORCID: BIEDERMAN, JOSEPH
BALL, SARAH W.
MICK, ERIC
SPENCER, THOMAS J.
FARAONE, STEPHEN V.
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-04
Volume: 47
Issue: 4
Pages: 426-434
ISSN: 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/chi.0b013e31816429d3
OpenAlex: W2062790466
Cited by: 331
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 10.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R03MH079954)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD036317, 5 R01 HD36317-07)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, comorbidities, adolescent girls, young adult women, age of onset, depression duration, suicidality, psychiatric hospitalization, parental depression, mania, functional disability
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Adolescence, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Suicide, Attempted, Comorbidity, Case-Control Studies, Age of Onset, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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New Insights Into the Comorbidity Between ADHD and Major Depression in Adolescent and Young Adult Females

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