Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its comorbidities in women and girls: An evolving picture
Abstract
Despite the increasing recognition of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in females, gender-sensitive comorbidity profiles have been slow to develop. In this article, I focus on coexisting conditions in females with ADHD and highlight significant differences that deserve greater attention. For some time, it has been held that women with ADHD are more likely to internalize symptoms and become anxious and depressed and to suffer emotional dysregulation than males with the disorder. Recent evidence confirms that girls with ADHD are 5.4 times more likely to be diagnosed with major depression and three times more likely to be treated for depression before their ADHD diagnosis. I also discuss eating disorders (particularly binge eating and bulimia) that recently have been linked to ADHD in girls and women. The disordered eating/ADHD connection is not difficult to understand but has important clinical and therapeutic implications that must not be overlooked.
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There is a dire need for female-specific treatment options for ADHD expressed by many, including patients.
“We developed this female-specific treatment option in response to the dire need expressed by many [1,17,19,23,24,25,26,28,41,55,85], including patients.”
From A Female-Specific Treatment Group for ADHD—Description of the Programme and Qualitative Analysis of First Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as [55]
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Mental health of children and adolescents in foster care residential institutions in Northern Taiwan
Liang, S.-Y., Shen, S.-H., Lom, F.-S., Huang, J., & Kelsen, B. A. (2020) · Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_1_20 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Sintomas de Hiperatividade e Déficit de Atenção em Uma Amostra de Crianças Escolares Brasileiras
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Binge, Purge, and Wander: Navigating Bulimia and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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- Authors
- Quinn, P. O.
- Corresponding author
- Quinn, Patricia O.
- Venue
- Current Psychiatry Reports
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 419-423
- ISSN
- 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-1645
- OpenAlex
- W2038653430
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD comorbidity, gender differences, internalizing problems, depression, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, eating disorders, binge eating, bulimia nervosa, disordered eating
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Sex Factors, Comorbidity, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Bulimia Nervosa, Young Adult
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