Ergothioneine Antioxidant Function: From Chemistry to Cardiovascular Therapeutic Potential
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ESH), the betaine of 2-mercapto- l -histidine, is a water-soluble naturally occurring amino acid with antioxidant properties. ESH accumulates in several human and animal tissues up to millimolar concentration through its high affinity transporter, namely the organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1). ESH, first isolated from the ergot fungus ( Claviceps purpurea ), is synthesized only by Actinomycetales and non-yeast–like fungi. Plants absorb ESH via symbiotic associations between their roots and soil fungi, whereas mammals acquire it solely from dietary sources. Numerous evidence demonstrated the antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of ESH, including protection against cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions, ultraviolet radiation damages, and neuronal injuries. Although more than a century after its discovery has gone by, our understanding on the in vivo ESH mechanism is limited and this compound still intrigues researchers. However, recent evidence about differences in chemical redox behavior between ESH and alkylthiols, such as cysteine and glutathione, has opened new perspectives on the role of ESH during oxidative damage. In this short review, we discuss the role of ESH in the complex machinery of the cellular antioxidant defense focusing on the current knowledge on its chemical mechanism of action in the protection against cardiovascular disease.
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ERG has been found to be an effective antioxidant in cardiovascular diseases, chronic pulmonary diseases, lung inflammatory diseases, and other pathologies.
“ERG has been found to be an effective antioxidant in cardiovascular diseases (Servillo et al. 2017), chronic pulmonary diseases (Rahman 2012), lung inflammatory diseases (Repine and Elkins 2012), and other pathologies.”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Servillo et al. 2017
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Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging
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“in diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome(505), CVD(506,507), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(223), preeclampsia(8) (see also Turner et al.”
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- Authors
- Servillo, L., D'Onofrio, N., & Balestrieri, M. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Venue
- Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
- Published
- 2017-04
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 183-191
- ISSN
- 0160-2446 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2606944467
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 0.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- ergothioneine, antioxidant defense, cardiovascular disease, OCT1, OCTN1, redox chemistry, oxidative damage, cysteine, glutathione, alkanethiols, cytoprotection, dietary amino acids, plant-fungal symbiosis, chronic inflammation, UV damage, neuronal injury
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Cardiovascular Diseases, Ergothioneine, Humans, Oxidative Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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