Impact of Maternal Stress, Depression and Anxiety on Fetal Neurobehavioral Development
Open accessAbstract
Although postnatal psychologic distress has been widely studied for many years, particularly with a focus on postpartum depression, symptoms of maternal depression, stress, and anxiety are not more common or severe after childbirth than during pregnancy. This paper reviews the newer body of research aimed at identifying the effects of women's antenatal psychologic distress on fetal behavior and child development, and the biologic pathways for this influence. These studies are in line with the growing body of literature supporting the "fetal origins hypothesis" that prenatal environmental exposures--including maternal psychologic state-based alterations in in utero physiology--can have sustained effects across the lifespan.
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Maternal stress during pregnancy is biologically linked to foetal wellbeing, and pregnant mothers under stress are psychologically vulnerable to anxiety and depression.
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
From Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Kinsella and Monk, 2009
The Introduction (page not available) links maternal stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy to fetal development, and the Physiological Pathways section discusses possible biological routes for that influence. The paper does not establish that stress makes pregnant women more vulnerable to anxiety or depression, and it does not address parents generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMaternal distress and other exposures during the prenatal period contribute to long-term changes in foetal development, with adverse implications for child physical and mental health.
“During this time, a range of exposures (including maternal distress) have been shown to contribute towards long-term changes to foetal development, with adverse longer-term implications for physical and mental health of the child (Kinsella & Monk, Citation2009).”
From The feasibility and acceptability of a single-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention to support women self-reporting fear of childbirth in a first pregnancy. (2023) · cites this paper as Kinsella & Monk, 2009
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“During this time, a range of exposures (including maternal distress) have been shown to contribute towards long-term changes to foetal development, with adverse longer-term implications for physical and mental health of the child (Kinsella & Monk, 2009).”
Background
- Authors
- KINSELLA, M. T., & MONK, C.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- KINSELLA, MICHAEL T.
- MONK, CATHERINE
- ORCID
- MONK, CATHERINE
- Venue
- Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 425-440
- ISSN
- 0009-9201 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3710585
- OpenAlex
- W1965460617
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH072838)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- maternal stress, maternal depression, maternal anxiety, fetal origins hypothesis, prenatal environmental exposure, child development, biological pathways
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Depression, Female, Heart Rate, Fetal, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Mothers, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Stress, Psychological, Fetal Development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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