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Assessment methods in human body composition
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present study reviews the most recently developed and commonly used methods for the determination of human body composition in vivo with relevance for nutritional assessment. RECENT FINDINGS: Body composition measurement methods are continuously being perfected with the most commonly used methods being bioelectrical impedance analysis, dilution techniques, air displacement plethysmography, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and MRI or magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Recent developments include three-dimensional photonic scanning and quantitative magnetic resonance. Collectively, these techniques allow for the measurement of fat, fat-free mass, bone mineral content, total body water, extracellular water, total adipose tissue and its subdepots (visceral, subcutaneous, and intermuscular), skeletal muscle, select organs, and ectopic fat depots. SUMMARY: There is an ongoing need to perfect methods that provide information beyond mass and structure (static measures) to kinetic measures that yield information on metabolic and biological functions. On the basis of the wide range of measurable properties, analytical methods and known body composition models, clinicians and scientists can quantify a number of body components and with longitudinal assessment, can track changes in health and disease with implications for understanding efficacy of nutritional and clinical interventions, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in clinical settings. With the greater need to understand precursors of health risk beginning in childhood, a gap exists in appropriate in-vivo measurement methods beginning at birth.
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“Additionally, incorporating blood variables such as lipid profile, glucose levels, and inflammatory markers can offer insights into metabolic health and obesity-related risks beyond what BMI alone can provide [62].”
From Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity (2024) · cites this paper as [62]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, S. Y., & Gallagher, D.
- Affiliations
- Inje University (KR)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gallagher, Dympna
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 566-572
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2741386
- OpenAlex
- W2044952536
- Cited by
- 694
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK072507, DK72507)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD042187, HD42187)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Keywords
- body composition, nutritional assessment, bioelectrical impedance analysis, dilution method, air displacement plethysmography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, quantitative MRI, fat-free mass, bone mineral content, total body water, extracellular water, adipose tissue depots, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, intermuscular fat, ectopic fat, skeletal muscle
- MeSH terms
- Body Composition, Diagnostic Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Nutrition Assessment, Electric Impedance
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