Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Therapy for Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Cancer: A Meta-analysis
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Anxiety and depression are common among patients with cancer, and are often treated with psychological interventions including mindfulness-based therapy.The aim of the study was to perform a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for improving anxiety and depression in patients with cancer.Medline, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched. The randomized controlled trials designed for patients diagnosed with cancer were included. Mindfulness-based interventions were provided.The outcomes assessed were the changes in anxiety and depression scores from before to after the intervention. The treatment response was determined by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) for individual studies and for pooled study results. Subgroup analyses by cancer type, type of therapy, and length of follow-up were performed.Seven studies, involving 469 participants who received mindfulness-based interventions and 419 participants in a control group, were included in the meta-analysis. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and art therapy were the most common interventions (5/7 studies). All studies reported anxiety and depression scores. The pooled SMD of the change in anxiety significantly favored mindfulness-based therapy over control treatment (-0.75, 95% confidence interval -1.28, -0.22, P = 0.005). Likewise, the pooled SMD of the change in depression also significantly favored mindfulness-based therapy over control (-0.90, 95% confidence interval -1.53, -0.26, P = 0.006). During the length of follow-ups less than 12 weeks, mindfulness-based therapy significantly improved anxiety for follow-up ≤12 weeks after the start of therapy, but not >12 weeks after the start of therapy.There was a lack of consistency between the studies in the type of mindfulness-based/control intervention implemented. Patients had different forms of cancer. Subgroup analyses included a relatively small number of studies and did not account for factors such as the severity of anxiety and/or depression, the time since diagnosis, and cancer stage.Mindfulness-based interventions effectively relieved anxiety and depression among patients with cancer. However, additional research is still warranted to determine how long the beneficial effects of mindfulness-based therapy persist.
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Mindfulness has been shown to improve mental health outcomes for a variety of populations, including those facing systemic stigma.
“Research shows that mindfulness, the process of paying attention with awareness and attentiveness to the immediate experience in a nonjudgmental way,12,13 improves mental health outcomes for a variety of populations, including those facing systemic stigma.14–20”
From Mindfulness, Mental Health, and Violence Exposure Among Transgender Female Sex Workers Living with HIV in the Dominican Republic. (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
The Discussion and Results report that mindfulness-based therapy improved anxiety and depression among patients with cancer. The paper does not establish benefits across a variety of populations or address populations facing systemic stigma, so those extensions are unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReviews examining MBCT and MBSR in cancer patients showed moderate to large effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms (ds = .28 to .90).
“Reviews examining the effects of MBCT and MBSR in cancer patients showed moderate to large effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms (ds = .28 to .90) (Haller et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2015).”
From The relationship between acceptance of cancer and distress: A meta-analytic review (2019) · cites this paper as Zhang et al., 2015
The majority of previous meta-analyses have only included a small number of psychological outcomes.
“Second, the majority of previous meta‐analyses have only included a small number of psychological outcomes,9, 11, 15”
More recent meta-analyses have supported the findings of reduced depression and anxiety in cancer patients, primarily breast cancer patients.
“These findings have since been supported in a number of more recent meta‐analyses focusing on depression and anxiety in cancer patients,9 primarily patients with breast cancer.10, 11, 12”
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- Authors
- Zhang, M.-F., Wen, Y.-S., Liu, W.-Y., Peng, L.-F., Wu, X.-D., & Liu, Q.-W.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Venue
- Medicine
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- e0897-0
- ISSN
- 0025-7974 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4912240
- OpenAlex
- W2333874112
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 14.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (S2011010003549)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Conservation › Art Therapy and Mental Health
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, cancer patients, anxiety, depression, mindfulness-based stress reduction, art therapy, psychological intervention, treatment response, follow-up duration
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Neoplasms, Mindfulness
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