Atherosclerosis in the single-cell era
Open accessAbstract
Purpose of review: The immune system plays a critical role in the development and modulation of atherosclerosis. New high-parameter technologies, including mass cytometry (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), allow for an encompassing analysis of immune cells. Unexplored marker combinations and transcriptomes can define new immune cell subsets and suggest their functions. Here, we review recent advances describing the immune cells in the artery wall of mice with and without atherosclerosis. We compare technologies and discuss limitations and advantages. Recent findings: Both CyTOF and scRNAseq on leukocytes from digested aortae show 10–30 immune cell subsets. Myeloid, T, B and natural killer cells were confirmed. Although cellular functions can be inferred from RNA-Seq data, some subsets cannot be identified based on current knowledge, suggesting they may be new cell types. CyTOF and scRNAseq each identified four B-cell subsets and three macrophage subsets in the atherosclerotic aorta. Limitations include cell death caused by enzymatic digestion and the limited depth of the scRNAseq transcriptomes. Summary: High-parameter methods are powerful tools for uncovering leukocyte diversity. CyTOF is currently more powerful at discerning leukocyte subsets in the atherosclerotic aorta, whereas scRNAseq provides more insight into their likely functions.
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Human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques contain mostly macrophages.
“Both human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques are populated mostly by macrophages134,135.”
From Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities (2019) · cites this paper as [134]
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- Authors
- Winkels, H., Ehinger, E., Ghosheh, Y., Wolf, D., & Ley, K.
- Affiliations
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ley, Klaus
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Lipidology
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 389-396
- ISSN
- 0957-9672 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-6535
- PMC
- PMC6314310
- OpenAlex
- W2883020052
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Lipidology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1s10od018499-01)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL121697, R01HL115232, P01HL088093, P01HL136275)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- atherosclerosis, immune cells, aortic atherosclerosis, mass cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, immune cell subsets, B cell subsets, macrophage subsets, myeloid cells, T cells, natural killer cells, mouse model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Prognosis, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Atherosclerosis, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome
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