Core outcome domains for clinical trials on somatic symptom disorder, bodily distress disorder, and functional somatic syndromes: European Network on Somatic Symptom Disorders recommendations
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The harmonization of core outcome domains in clinical trials facilitates comparison and pooling of data, and simplifies the preparation and review of research projects and comparison of risks and benefits of treatments. Therefore, we provide recommendations for the core outcome domains that should be considered in clinical trials on the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions for somatic symptom disorder, bodily distress disorder, and functional somatic syndromes. METHODS: The European Network on Somatic Symptom Disorders group of more than 20 experts in the field met twice in Hamburg to discuss issues of assessment and intervention research in somatic symptom disorder, bodily distress disorder, and functional somatic syndromes. The consensus meetings identified core outcome domains that should be considered in clinical trials evaluating treatments for somatic symptom disorder and associated functional somatic syndromes. RESULTS: The following core domains should be considered when defining ascertainment methods in clinical trials: a) classification of somatic symptom disorder/bodily distress disorder, associated functional somatic syndromes, and comorbid mental disorders (using structured clinical interviews), duration of symptoms, medical morbidity, and prior treatments; b) location, intensity, and interference of somatic symptoms; c) associated psychobehavioral features and biological markers; d) illness consequences (quality of life, disability, health care utilization, health care costs; e) global improvement and treatment satisfaction; and f) unwanted negative effects. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed criteria are intended to improve synergies of clinical trials and to facilitate decision making when comparing different treatment approaches. These recommendations should not result in inflexible guidelines, but increase consistency across investigations in this field.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Clinical Global Improvement Scale is chosen based on recommendations from consensus groups in pain research and functional somatic disorders.
“and is chosen based on the recommendations from consensus groups in pain research and FSD [40,41].”
From Internet-delivered treatment for patients suffering from severe functional somatic disorders: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
The illness-consequences section (p. 15) highly recommends a patient-rated global assessment of treatment success. The Discussion (p. 18) links its recommendations for participant ratings of improvement to pain-research recommendations. Our copy does not specifically recommend the Clinical Global Improvement Scale, so it supports the rationale for a global improvement measure but not the choice of that named scale. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe assessment of self-ratings is in line with the recommendations by the EURONET-SOMA group.
“The assessment of self-ratings is in line with the recommendations by the EURONET-SOMA group [57].”
From Efficacy and Acceptance of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Adults with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Meta-analysis. (2024) · cites this paper as [57]
The European Network on Somatic Symptom Disorders recommends two numeric analog scale items on symptom intensity and symptom interference for future adult trials.
“the two numeric analog scale items on symptom intensity and symptom interference recommended by the European Network on Somatic Symptom Disorders in future adult trials (Rief et al., 2017)”
From Third wave treatments for functional somatic syndromes and health anxiety across the age span: A narrative review (2019) · cites this paper as Rief et al., 2017
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L., & MacKenzie, C. R. (1987) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8 · Cited by 49,742 · see citing works
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · see citing works
WARE, J. E., KOSINSKI, M., & KELLER, S. D. (1996) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003 · Cited by 17,392 · see citing works
EuroQol: a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life
(1990) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9 · Cited by 15,736 · see citing works
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407 · see citing works
Pharmacological interventions for somatoform disorders in adults
Kleinstäuber, M., Witthöft, M., Steffanowski, A., van Marwijk, H., Hiller, W., & Lambert, M. J. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010628.pub2 · Cited by 11,361 · see citing works
Self-citationLöwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e318160d093 · Cited by 4,527 · see citing works
Self-citationWare, J. E. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200012150-00008 · Cited by 4,455 · see citing works
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID): I: History, Rationale, and Description
Spitzer, R. L. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080032005 · Cited by 4,336 · see citing works
Wolfe, F., Clauw, D. J., Fitzcharles, M., Goldenberg, D. L., Katz, R. S., Mease, P., Russell, A. S., Russell, I. J., Winfield, J. B., & Yunus, M. B. (2010) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.20140 · Cited by 3,952 · see citing works
Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations
Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Farrar, J. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Jensen, M. P., Katz, N. P., Kerns, R. D., Stucki, G., Allen, R. R., Bellamy, N., et al. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.09.012 · Cited by 3,732 · see citing works
Core outcome domains for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations
Turk, D. C., Dworkin, R. H., Allen, R. R., Bellamy, N., Brandenburg, N., Carr, D. B., Cleeland, C., Dionne, R., Farrar, J. T., Galer, B. S., et al. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.08.001 · Cited by 3,510 · see citing works
Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Wyrwich, K. W., Beaton, D., Cleeland, C. S., Farrar, J. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Jensen, M. P., Kerns, R. D., Ader, D. N., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.09.005 · Cited by 3,471 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We refer to a recommendation by the IMMPACTwhich provides provisional criteria for interpreting the clinical importance of treatment outcomes in clinical trials of patients with chronic pain (70).”
MethodThe Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire
Broadbent, E., Petrie, K. J., Main, J., & Weinman, J. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.10.020 · Cited by 3,431 · see citing works
The PHQ-15: Validity of a New Measure for Evaluating the Severity of Somatic Symptoms
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200203000-00008 · Cited by 3,305 · see citing works
The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-36.
Brazier, J., Roberts, J., & Deverill, M. (2002) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(01)00130-8 · Cited by 3,164 · see citing works
The revised illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R)
Moss-Morris, R., Weinman, J., Petrie, K., Horne, R., Cameron, L., & Buick, D. (2002) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870440290001494 · Cited by 2,949 · see citing works
Hjermstad, M. J., Fayers, P. M., Haugen, D. F., Caraceni, A., Hanks, G. W., Loge, J. H., Fainsinger, R., Aass, N., & Kaasa, S. (2011) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.016 · Cited by 2,697 · see citing works
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: History, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Rome IV
Drossman, D. A. (2016) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.032 · Cited by 2,444 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire
Devilly, G. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2000) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(00)00012-4 · Cited by 2,295 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A brief scale to address these topics has been suggested (58).”
BackgroundLingjærde, O., Ahlfors, U. G., Bech, P., Dencker, S. J., & Elgen, K. (1987) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb10566.x · Cited by 1,705 · see citing works
Validity of the brief patient health questionnaire mood scale (PHQ-9) in the general population
Martin, A., Rief, W., Klaiberg, A., & Braehler, E. (2006) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.07.003 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
Self-citationWill this patient develop persistent disabling low back pain?
Chou, R. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.344 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Severeijns, R., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., van den Hout, M. A., & Weber, W. E. J. (2001) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200106000-00009 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Rome III: New standard for functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Drossman, D. A., & Dumitrascu, D. L. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Munder, T., Wilmers, F., Leonhart, R., Linster, H. W., & Barth, J. (2010) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.658 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Sheehan, K. H., & Sheehan, D. V. (2008) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0b013e3282f2b4d6 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Cuijpers, P., Li, J., Hofmann, S. G., & Andersson, G. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.001 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
ESCOBAR, J. I., RUBIO-STIPEC, M., CANINO, G., & KARNO, M. (1989) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198903000-00003 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of the placebo response in antidepressant trials.
Rief, W., Nestoriuc, Y., Weiss, S., Welzel, E., Barsky, A. J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.029 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Self-citationHypochondriasis and somatosensory amplification
Barsky, A. J., & Wyshak, G. (1990) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.157.3.404 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Fink, P., & Schröder, A. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.02.004 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Self-citationBody vigilance in panic disorder: Evaluating attention to bodily perturbations.
Schmidt, N. B., Lerew, D. R., & Trakowski, J. H. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.65.2.214 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Developing patient-reported outcome measures for pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations
Turk, D. C., Dworkin, R. H., Burke, L. B., Gershon, R. C., Rothman, M. L., Scott, J., Allen, R. R., Atkinson, H. J., Chandler, J., Cleeland, C. S., et al. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.028 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Development and Validation of the Somatic Symptom Disorder–B Criteria Scale (SSD-12)
Toussaint, A. C., Murray, A., Voigt, K., Herzog, A., Gierk, B., Kroenke, K., Rief, W., Henningsen, P., & Löwe, B. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000240 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationHow to assess common somatic symptoms in large-scale studies: A systematic review of questionnaires
Zijlema, W. L., Stolk, R. P., Löwe, B., Rief, W., White, P. D., & Rosmalen, J. G. M. (2013) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.03.093 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citationLadwig, I., Rief, W., & Nestoriuc, Y. (2014) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000367928 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationPatient experience of negative effects of psychological treatment: results of a national survey
Crawford, M. J., Thana, L., Farquharson, L., Palmer, L., Hancock, E., Bassett, P., Clarke, J., & Parry, G. D. (2016) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.162628 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
The Bradford Somatic Inventory
Mumford, D. B., Bavington, J. T., Bhatnagar, K. S., Hussain, Y., Mirza, S., & Naraghi, M. M. (1991) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.158.3.379 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Kleinstäuber, M., Witthöft, M., & Hiller, W. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.001 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Rief, W., Nestoriuc, Y., von Lilienfeld-Toal, A., Dogan, I., Schreiber, F., Hofmann, S. G., Barsky, A. J., & Avorn, J. (2009) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/11316580-000000000-00000 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citationA New Approach to the Assessment of the Treatment Effects of Somatoform Disorders
Rief, W., & Hiller, W. (2003) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.44.6.492 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationRief, W., Avorn, J., & Barsky, A. J. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.2.155 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessing general side effects in clinical trials: reference data from the general population
Rief, W., BARSKY, A. J., Glombiewski, J. A., Nestoriuc, Y., Glaesmer, H., & Brähler, E. (2010) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.2067 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationClassification of Somatization and Functional Somatic Symptoms in Primary Care
Fink, P., Rosendal, M., & Olesen, F. (2005) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01682.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Sattel, H. C., Lahmann, C., Gündel, H., Guthrie, E., Kruse, J., Noll‐Hussong, M., Ohmann, C., Ronel, J., Sack, M., Sauer, N., et al. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.093526 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationWittchen, H. ‐., Höfler, M., Gander, F., Pfister, H., Storz, S., Üstün, B., Müller, N., & Kessler, R. C. (1999) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.57 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Chalder, T., Goldsmith, K. A., White, P. D., Sharpe, M., & Pickles, A. R. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00069-8 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Responsiveness of the PHQ-9 to Psychopharmacological Depression Treatment
Löwe, B., Karapanagiotou‐Schenkel, I., Carney, C. P., & Göbel, C. (2005) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.47.1.62 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationA new questionnaire to identify bodily distress in primary care: the 'BDS checklist
Budtz-Lilly, A., Fink, P., Ørnbøl, E., Vestergaard, M., Moth, G., Christensen, K. S., & Rosendal, M. (2015) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.006 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Conradt, M., Cavanagh, M., Franklin, J., & Rief, W. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.07.003 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical symptoms as a predictor of health care use and mortality among older adults
Sha, M. C., Callahan, C. M., Counsell, S. R., Westmoreland, G. R., Stump, T. E., & Kroenke, K. (2005) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.12.015 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
What is “normal” disability? An investigation of disability in the general population
Mewes, R., Rief, W., Stenzel, N., Glaesmer, H., Martin, A., & Brähler, E. (2009) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.007 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive–behavioural group treatment for a range of functional somatic syndromes: Randomised trial
Schröder, A., Rehfeld, E., Ørnbøl, E., Sharpe, M., Licht, R. W., & Fink, P. (2012) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.098681 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationAre Psychological Features Useful in Classifying Patients With Somatic Symptoms?
Rief, W., Mewes, R., Martin, A., Glaesmer, H., & Brähler, E. (2010) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181d73fce · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, L., Cohen, S., Schulz, M. S., & Waldinger, R. J. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.034 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Pope, A., Adams, C. E., Paton, C., Weaver, T. D., & Barnes, T. R. E. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.070961 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Screening for Hypochondriasis With the Illness Attitude Scales
Weck, F., Bleichhardt, G. M., & Hiller, W. (2010) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891003670216 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Neuroticism and maladaptive coping in patients with functional somatic syndromes
Pedersen, H. F., Frostholm, L., Jensen, J. S., Ørnbøl, E., & Schröder, A. (2016) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12206 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationFrostholm, L., Petrie, K. J., Ørnbøl, E., & Fink, P. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171400035x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationMedically unexplained symptom management
Schröder, A., Sharpe, M., & Fink, P. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00233-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationPatient-Reported Outcomes and Fibromyalgia
Williams, D. A., & Kratz, A. L. (2016) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2016.01.009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Ivarsson, B., & Malm, U. (2007) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480701352488 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Outcome measures for intervention trials in somatic symptom disorders
Burton, C. D., & Chowdhury, S. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.03.143 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 65 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [60]60. Luborsky L, Barber JP, Siqueland L, Johnson S, NAJAVITS LM, FRANK A, DALEY D. The revised Helping Alliance questionnaire (HAQ-II): psychometric properties. The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. 1996;5:260.
- [65]65. Ladwig I, Rief W, Nestoriuc Y. What are the Risks and Side Effects to Psychotherapy? Development of an Inventory for the Assessment of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy (INEP). Verhaltenstherapie. 2014;24:252-63.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Management of functional somatic syndromes and bodily distress
Henningsen, P., Zipfel, S., Sattel, H., & Creed, F. (2018) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000484413 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationon behalf of the EURONET-SOMA Group, Burton, C., Fink, P., Henningsen, P., Löwe, B., & Rief, W. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-1505-4 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationPersistent physical symptoms: definition, genesis, and management
Löwe, B., Toussaint, A., Rosmalen, J. G. M., Huang, W.-L., Burton, C., Weigel, A., Levenson, J. L., & Henningsen, P. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00623-8 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Self-citationMethodological Recommendations for Trials of Psychological Interventions
Guidi, J., Brakemeier, E.-L., Bockting, C. L. H., Cosci, F., Cuijpers, P., Jarrett, R. B., Linden, M., Marks, I., Peretti, C. S., Rafanelli, C., et al. (2018) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000490574 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationSomatic symptom disorder: a scoping review on the empirical evidence of a new diagnosis
Löwe, B., Levenson, J., Depping, M., Hüsing, P., Kohlmann, S., Lehmann, M., Shedden-Mora, M., Toussaint, A., Uhlenbusch, N., & Weigel, A. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721004177 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationToussaint, A. C., Hüsing, P., Kohlmann, S., & Löwe, B. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171900014x · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationLöwe, B., Andresen, V., Van den Bergh, O., Huber, T. B., von dem Knesebeck, O., Lohse, A. W., Nestoriuc, Y., Schneider, G., Schneider, S. W., Schramm, C., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057596 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationOutcome Measures for Functional Neurological Disorder: A Review of the Theoretical Complexities
Nicholson, T. R., Carson, A. J., Edwards, M. J., Goldstein, L. H., Hallett, M., Mildon, B., Nielsen, G., Nicholson, C., Perez, D. L., Pick, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19060128 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Illness Anxiety Disorder: Psychopathology, Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment.
Scarella, T. M., Boland, R. J., & Barsky, A. J. (2019) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000691 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Psychological factors associated with Long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Engelmann, P., Reinke, M., Stein, C., Salzmann, S., Löwe, B., Toussaint, A. C., & Mora, M. C. S. (2024) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102756 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationKop, W. J., Toussaint, A. C., Mols, F., & Löwe, B. (2018) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.10.004 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationRosmalen, J. G. M., Burton, C. D., Carson, A. J., Cosci, F., Frostholm, L., Lehnen, N., Hartman, T. O., Rask, C. U., Rymaszewska, J., Stone, J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110345 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationToussaint, A. C., Kroenke, K., Baye, F. M., & Lourens, S. G. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.08.002 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationKleinstäuber, M., Allwang, C., Bailer, J., Berking, M., Brünahl, C., Erkic, M., Gitzen, H., Gollwitzer, M., Gottschalk, J.-M., Heider, J., et al. (2019) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000501621 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationGorst, S. L., Prinsen, C. A. C., Salcher‐Konrad, M., Matvienko‐Sikar, K., Williamson, P. R., & Terwee, C. B. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.021 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. V. D., Elfeddali, I., Werneke, U., Malt, U. F., den Bergh, O. V., Schaefert, R., Kop, W. J., Lobo, A., Sharpe, M., Söllner, W., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00151 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationKitselaar, W. M., van der Vaart, R., Perschl, J., Numans, M. E., & Evers, A. W. M. (2023) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001145 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The overlooked burden of persistent physical symptoms: a call for action in European healthcare
Toussaint, A., Weigel, A., Löwe, B., Blanch, J., Bogaerts, K., Boye, B., Burton, C., Cosci, F., Engelmann, P., Fink, P., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.101140 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasurement Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire–15 and Somatic Symptom Scale–8
Hybelius, J., Kosic, A., Salomonsson, S., Wachtler, C., Wallert, J., Nordin, S., & Axelsson, E. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46603 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Maroti, D., Lumley, M. A., Schubiner, H., Lilliengren, P., Bileviciute-Ljungar, I., Ljótsson, B., & Johansson, R. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111068 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kohlmann, S., Löwe, B., & Mora, M. C. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00646 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationBerezowski, L., Ludwig, L., Martin, A., Löwe, B., & Mora, M. C. S. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001011 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationMaas genannt Bermpohl, F., Hülsmann, L., & Martin, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1160908 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional somatic symptoms across cultures: perceptual and health care issues
Löwe, B., & Gerloff, C. (2018) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000594 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationMewes, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1033203 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Maas genannt Bermpohl, F., Kucharczyk-Bodenburg, A.-C., & Martin, A. (2024) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-023-10254-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“The assessment of self-ratings is in line with the recommendations by the EURONET-SOMA group [57].”
Self-citationKallesøe, K. H., Schröder, A., Wicksell, R. K., Preuss, T., Jensen, J. S., & Rask, C. U. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02862-z · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving the Measurement of Functional Somatic Symptoms With Item Response Theory
Acevedo-Mesa, A., Tendeiro, J. N., Roest, A. M., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Monden, R. (2020) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191120947153 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationPetersen, M. W., Rosendal, M., Ørnbøl, E., Fink, P., Jørgensen, T., Dantoft, T. M., & Schröder, A. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042880 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationPedersen, H. F., Agger, J. L., Frostholm, L., Jensen, J. S., Ørnbøl, E., Fink, P., & Schröder, A. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718001666 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical Characteristics of Disability in Patients with Indoor Air–Related Environmental Intolerance
Vuokko, A., Karvala, K., Suojalehto, H., Lindholm, H., Selinheimo, S., Heinonen-Guzejev, M., Leppämäki, S., Cederström, S., Hublin, C., Tuisku, K., et al. (2019) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2019.06.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hüsing, P., Smakowski, A., Löwe, B., Kleinstäuber, M., Toussaint, A. C., & Mora, M. C. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142484 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMonoamine system disruption induces functional somatic syndromes associated symptomatology in mice
Nagakura, Y., Ohsaka, N., Azuma, R., Takahashi, S., Takebayashi, Y., Kawasaki, S., Murai, S., Miwa, M., & Saito, H. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.007 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
T4+T3 Combination Therapy: An Unsolved Problem of Increasing Magnitude and Complexity
Wiersinga, W. M. (2021) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2021.501 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Validity and diagnostic overlap of functional somatic syndrome diagnoses
van der Meulen, M. L., Bos, M., Bakker, S. J. L., Gans, R. O. B., & Rosmalen, J. G. M. (2024) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111673 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationMewes, R., Feneberg, A. C., Doerr, J. M., & Nater, U. M. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kallesøe, K. H., Schröder, A., Jensen, J. S., Wicksell, R. K., & Rask, C. U. (2021) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12047 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationHoutveen, J. H., van der Sluijs, J. V. E., Thorsell, S., Kloth, S. A. M., & Geenen, R. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110724 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Feneberg, A. C., Mewes, R., Doerr, J. M., & Nater, U. M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03374-w · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Frostholm, L., & Rask, C. U. (2019) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.v1i1.32217 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationAbasi, I., Ghapanchi, A., Toussaint, A. C., Bitarafan, M., Zarabi, H., Derakhshan, F. S., Banihashem, S., Mohammadi, N., Ghasemzadeh, M. R., & Derakhshan, M. K. (2022) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.04.010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationPetersen, M. W., Carstensen, T. B. W., Frostholm, L., Wellnitz, K. B., Ørnbøl, E., Jørgensen, T., Eplov, L. F., Dantoft, T. M., & Fink, P. (2023) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s399914 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, W., Liao, S., Tu, Y., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., & Gau, S. S. (2019) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.05.007 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sarter, L., Heider, J., Witthöft, M., Rief, W., & Kleinstäuber, M. (2022) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.03.001 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationLöwe, B., Nestoriuc, Y., Andresen, V., Vettorazzi, E., Zapf, A., Hübener, S., Maehder, K., Peters, L., & Lohse, A. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059529 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationRosmalen, J. G. M., van Gils, A., Acevedo-Mesa, A., Schoevers, R. A., Monden, R., & Hanssen, D. J. C. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100297 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationKangas, M., Kallesoe, K. H., & Rask, C. U. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000401 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Mariman, A., Vermeir, P., Csabai, M., Weiland, A., Stegers‐Jager, K. M., Vermeir, R., & Vogelaers, D. (2023) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01105-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Krempel, L., & Martin, A. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001143 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationWortman, M. S. H., van der Wouden, J. C., Twisk, J. W. R., Visser, B., Assendelft, W. J., van der Horst, H. E., & Hartman, T. O. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111178 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Raemen, L., Claes, L., Buelens, T., Vankerckhoven, L., van Oudenhove, L., & Luyckx, K. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01811-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Engelmann, P., Büchel, C., Frommhold, J., Klose, H. F. E., Lohse, A. W., Maehder, K., Nestoriuc, Y., Scherer, M., Suling, A. I., Toussaint, A. C., et al. (2023) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.591 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationMedically not yet explained symptoms in hypothyroidism
Hegedűs, L. D., Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. V. D., Papini, E., Nagy, E. V., Weetman, A. P., & Perros, P. (2024) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-024-01022-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tian, P., Ma, Y., Hu, J., Zhou, C., Liu, X., Chen, Q., Dang, H., & Zou, H. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110550 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Is psychotherapy for functional somatic syndromes harmful? A mixed methods study on negative effects
Holsting, A. F., Pedersen, H. F., Rask, M. T., Frostholm, L., & Schröder, A. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.05.010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationRutten, S., Bradley‐Westguard, A., Nicholson, T. R., & Pick, S. (2025) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-12912-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rask, M. T., Frostholm, L., Hansen, S. H., Petersen, M. W., Ørnbøl, E., & Rosendal, M. (2023) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2022.2163917 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSchneider, G., Ständer, S., Kahnert, S., Pereira, M. P., Meß, C., Huck, V., Agelopoulos, K., Frank, G., & Schneider, S. W. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060811 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Řiháček, T., Čevelíček, M., Boehnke, J. R., Pourová, M., & Roubal, J. (2022) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2022.2061874 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Adibi, P., Ani, A., Vaez, A., Hadizadeh, F., Snieder, H., & Roohafza, H. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048941 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Weigel, A., Hüsing, P., Junge, M., & Löwe, B. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111419 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSalzmann, S., de Vroege, L., Engelmann, P., Fink, P., Fischer, S., Frisch, S., Gormsen, L. K., Hüfner, K., Kop, W. J., Köteles, F. G., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-03927-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, W., Chang, S., & Liao, S. (2022) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2022.03.009 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Richardson, M., Kleinstäuber, M., & Wong, D. K. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.586359 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationThe burden of persistent symptom diagnoses in primary care patients: a cross-sectional study
Chaabouni, A., Houwen, J., Grewer, G., Liebau, M., Akkermans, R., van Boven, K., Walraven, I., Schers, H., & Hartman, T. O. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.1080/02813432.2023.2293930 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nestoriuc, Y., Pauls, F., Blankenburg, K., Hahn, S., Wittenbecher, H., Löwe, B., & Toussaint, A. C. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083500 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological Interventions for Health Anxiety and Somatic Symptoms
Maaß, U., Kühne, F., Maas, J., Unverdross, M., & Weck, F. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000400 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hijne, K., van der Sluijs, J. F. V. E., Kloth, S. A. M., Lucassen, P. L., Reinders, M., Tak, L. M., Gerritsen, L., & Geenen, R. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110712 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Toussaint, A. C., Buck, L., Hartl, J., Löwe, B., & Schramm, C. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061419 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationKleinstäuber, M., Gottschalk, J.-M., Ruckmann, J., Probst, T., & Rief, W. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9973-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationBermpohl, F. M. G., & Martin, A. (2025) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000544825 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationResearch on Somatization and Somatic Symptom Disorders: Ars longa, vita brevis
Dimsdale, J. E. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000533 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kitselaar, W. M., Numans, M. E., Sutch, S. P., Faiq, A., Evers, A. W. M., & van der Vaart, R. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049907 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kallesøe, K. H., Wellnitz, K. B., Ørnbøl, E., & Rask, C. U. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10071101 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Selinheimo, S., Keinonen, K., Vuokko, A., Liesto, S., Sainio, M., Lappalainen, R., & Paunio, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923532 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Klewinghaus, L., & Martin, A. (2022) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000522419 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationJunge, M., Hüsing, P., Löwe, B., & Weigel, A. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111347 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationPersonalized treatment outcomes in patients with somatoform disorder: A concept mapping study
Klemm, S., Kloth, S. A. M., van Vliet, S., Oosterhuis, L., & Geenen, R. (2018) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.03.009 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ajluni, V. (2024) · Journal of General and Family Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgf2.725 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kitselaar, W. M., Büchner, F. L., van der Vaart, R., Sutch, S. P., Bennis, F. C., Evers, A. W. M., & Numans, M. E. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066183 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hüsing, P., Löwe, B., Hartman, T. O., Frostholm, L., & Weigel, A. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044244 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationPedersen, H. F., Lamm, T. T., Fink, P., Ørnbøl, E., & Frostholm, L. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101069 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationEngelmann, P., Löwe, B., & Hüsing, P. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100582 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationFuncData - A national database for functional somatic disorders in Denmark
Eefsen, A. M., Petersen, M. W., Vægter, H. B., Fonager, K., Skjernov, M., Gormsen, L. K., & Schröder, A. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111092 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, A., & Rief, W. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61814-1_53 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationHahn, S., Nestoriuc, Y., Kirchhof, S., Toussaint, A. C., Löwe, B., & Pauls, F. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091032 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationKahnert, S., Kämpfer, N., Ramm, M., Geiser, F., & Conrad, R. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112381 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kallesøe, K. H., Ørnbøl, E., Wellnitz, K. B., & Rask, C. U. (2025) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2025.2521719 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Engelmann, P., Busmann, M., Löwe, B., & Hüsing, P. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112500 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationHahn, S., Pauls, F., Wittenbecher, H., Maehder, K., Löwe, B., Blankenburg, K., Toussaint, A. C., & Nestoriuc, Y. (2026) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2026.112546 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationHoheisel, M., Popkirov, S., Michaelis, R., & Rose, M. (2024) · Complex Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000536668 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ma, J., Zheng, L., Chen, R., Ren, J., Chen, H., Zhang, Y., Li, W., Ma, X., Lu, W. D., Wu, H., et al. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04342-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationAgger, J. L., Schröder, A., Ørnbøl, E., Jensen, J. S., Pedersen, H. F., Fink, P., & Gormsen, L. K. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114474 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationKognitive Verhaltenstherapie mit Herzratenvariabilitäts-Biofeedback bei chronischen Schmerzen
Wünsche, S., Krempel, L., & Martin, A. (2024) · Die Psychotherapie · doi:10.1007/s00278-024-00732-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal research status and trends of somatic symptom disorder: A bibliometric study
Yang, C., Zhang, K., Wang, Q., Wang, S., Li, H., & Zhang, K. (2024) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i1.100730 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Richardson, M., Kleinstäuber, M., & Wong, D. K. (2025) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.30195 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMaroti, D., Ljungdahl, M., Petersen, H., Rööst, M., Falkenström, F., & Lilliengren, P. (2025) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001424 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Madsen, M. M., Trolle, C., Fynne, L. V., Colombo, M., Pedersen, R. L., Sørensen, V., Christensen, S. R., Fink, P., & Gormsen, L. K. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2025.108082 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Maroti, D., Ljungdahl, M., Petersen, H., Rööst, M., Lumley, M. A., Falkenström, F., & Lilliengren, P. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100942 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hüsing, P., Busmann, M., Löwe, B., & Engelmann, P. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100892 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rief, W., Burton, C., Frostholm, L., Henningsen, P., Kleinstäuber, M., Kop, W. J., Löwe, B., Martin, A., Malt, U., Rosmalen, J., Schröder, A., Shedden-Mora, M., Toussaint, A., & van der Feltz-Cornelis, C.
- Affiliations
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Rief, Winfried
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1008-1015
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-7796
- OpenAlex
- W2728172048
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 8.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (submittedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- core outcome domains, somatic symptom disorder, functional somatic syndromes, clinical trial reporting, quality of life, disability, health care utilization, health care costs, treatment satisfaction, adverse effects, biomarkers, comorbid mental disorders, symptom duration
- MeSH terms
- Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Clinical Trials as Topic, Europe, Humans, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Societies, Medical, Somatoform Disorders, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
