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Recovery Sleep After Sleep Restriction Is Insufficient to Return Elevated Daytime Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure to Baseline Levels
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Sleep restriction alters daytime cardiac activity, including elevating heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). There is minimal research on the cumulative effects of sleep loss and the response after subsequent recovery sleep on HR and BP. This study examined patterns of HR and BP across baseline, sleep restriction, and recovery conditions using multiple daytime cardiac measurements. Methods: Participants (15 healthy men, mean [standard deviation] = 22.3 [2.8] years) completed an 11-day inpatient protocol with three nights of 10 hours/night baseline sleep opportunity, five sleep restriction nights (5-hour/night sleep opportunity), and two recovery nights (10-hour/night sleep opportunity). Resting HR and BP were measured every 2 hours during wake. Multilevel models with random effects for individuals examined daytime HR and BP across study conditions and days into the study. Results: Mean daytime HR was 1.2 (0.5) beats/min lower during sleep restriction compared with baseline (p < .001). During recovery, HR was 5.5 (1.0) beats/min higher (p < .001), and systolic BP (SBP) was 2.9 (1.1) mm Hg higher (p = .009). When accounting for days into the study (irrespective of condition) and measurement timing across the day, HR increased by 7.6 beats/min and SBP increased by 3.4 mm Hg across the study period (p < .001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that daytime HR and SBP increase after successive nights of sleep restriction, even after accounting for measurement time of day. HR and SBP did not recover to baseline levels after two recovery nights of sleep, suggesting that longer recovery sleep may be necessary to recover from multiple, consecutive nights of moderate sleep restriction.
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Rebound sleep differs from normal sleep and requires several days for complete recovery.
“rebound sleep differs from normal sleep and requires several days for complete recovery12.”
From A curious concept of CNS clearance (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that heart rate and systolic blood pressure had not returned to baseline after two recovery nights and suggests that longer sleep or more recovery nights may be needed. It does not establish how many days complete recovery requires or show that rebound sleep itself differs from normal sleep. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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A curious concept of CNS clearance
Plá, V., Kroesbergen, E., Deng, S., Giannetto, M. J., Hablitz, L. M., Newbold, E., Ladrón-de-Guevara, A., Esmail, T., Gomolka, R. S., Mori, Y., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01897-3 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Reichenberger, D. A., Ness, K. M., Strayer, S. M., Mathew, G. M., Schade, M. M., Buxton, O. M., & Chang, A.-M.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reichenberger, David A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2023-06-27
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 744-751
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-7796
- PMC
- PMC10543608
- OpenAlex
- W4382047619
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002014)
- National Institute on Aging (R44AG056250, R43AG056250)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- sleep restriction, recovery sleep, systolic blood pressure, sleep deprivation, autonomic nervous system
- MeSH terms
- Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation
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