Two nights of recovery sleep restores the dynamic lipemic response, but not the reduction of insulin sensitivity, induced by five nights of sleep restriction
Open accessAbstract
Chronic inadequate sleep is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The mechanisms involved are poorly understood but involve changes in insulin sensitivity, including within adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sleep restriction on nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) suppression profiles in response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and to assess whether 2 nights of recovery sleep (a “weekend”) is sufficient to restore metabolic health. We hypothesized that sleep restriction impairs both glucose and lipid metabolism, specifically adipocyte insulin sensitivity, and the dynamic lipemic response of adipocyte NEFA release during an IVGTT. Fifteen healthy men completed an inpatient study of 3 baseline nights (10 h of time in bed/night), followed by 5 nights of 5 h of time in bed/night and 2 recovery nights (10 h of time in bed/night). IVGTTs were performed on the final day of each condition. Reductions in insulin sensitivity without a compensatory change in acute insulin response to glucose were consistent with prior studies (insulin sensitivity P = 0.002; acute insulin response to glucose P = 0.23). The disposition index was suppressed by sleep restriction and did not recover after recovery sleep ( P < 0.0001 and P = 0.01, respectively). Fasting NEFAs were not different from baseline in either the restriction or recovery conditions. NEFA rebound was significantly suppressed by sleep restriction ( P = 0.01) but returned to baseline values after recovery sleep. Our study indicates that sleep restriction impacts NEFA metabolism and demonstrates that 2 nights of recovery sleep may not be adequate to restore glycemic health.
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Sleep restriction may impair adipocyte function while increasing sympathetic tone and stress hormone production, thus augmenting intracellular lipolysis and altering NEFA metabolism.
“Sleep restriction may also impair adipocyte function while increasing sympathetic tone and stress hormone production, thus augmenting intracellular lipolysis and altering NEFA metabolism.32,33,52,54”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [52]
Five nights of 5-h TIB reduced insulin sensitivity and suppressed the rebound in NEFAs observed following glucose clearance from plasma during an intravenous glucose tolerance test.
“Ness et al. reported that, whereas 5 nights of 5-h TIB reduced insulin sensitivity and suppressed the rebound in NEFAs observed following glucose clearance from plasma during an intravenous glucose tolerance test”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [52]
Two nights of subsequent sleep recovery restored NEFA kinetics to baseline but did not recover insulin sensitivity.
“two nights of subsequent sleep recovery restored NEFA kinetics to baseline but did not recover insulin sensitivity.52”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Ness, K. M., Strayer, S. M., Nahmod, N. G., Chang, A.-M., Buxton, O. M., & Shearer, G. C.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Buxton, Orfeu M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2019-06-01
- Volume
- 316
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- R697-R703
- ISSN
- 0363-6119 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1490
- PMC
- PMC6620653
- OpenAlex
- W2922647826
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) (UL1TR002014)
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) (T32GM108563)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep restriction, recovery sleep, insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue, free fatty acids, disposition index, acute insulin response, glucose tolerance, cardiometabolic health, lipid metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Energy Metabolism, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Adipocytes, Recovery of Function, Young Adult
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