Association between anxiety disorders and heart rate variability in The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To determine whether patients with different types of anxiety disorder (panic disorder, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder) have higher heart rate and lower heart rate variability compared with healthy controls in a sample that was sufficiently powered to examine the confounding effects of lifestyle and antidepressants. Methods: The standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), heart rate (HR), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were measured in 2059 subjects (mean age = 41.7 years, 66.8% female) participating in The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) and Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), NESDA participants were classified as healthy controls (n = 616), subjects with an anxiety diagnosis earlier in life (n = 420), and subjects with current anxiety diagnosis (n = 1059). Results: Current anxious subjects had a significantly lower SDNN and RSA compared with controls. RSA was also significantly lower in remitted anxious subjects compared with controls. These associations were similar across the three different types of anxiety disorders. Adjustment for lifestyle had little impact. However, additional adjustment for antidepressant use reduced all significant associations between anxiety and HRV to nonsignificant. Anxious subjects who used a tricyclic antidepressant, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or another antidepressant showed significantly lower mean SDNN and RSA compared with controls (effect sizes = 0.20–0.80 for SDNN and 0.42–0.79 for RSA). Nonmedicated anxious subjects did not differ from controls in mean SDNN and RSA. Conclusion: This study shows that anxiety disorders are associated with significantly lower HR variability, but the association seems to be driven by the effects of antidepressants. ANOVA = analysis of variance; ANS = autonomic nervous system; ATC = anatomical therapeutic chemical; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; BMI = body mass index; CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CVD = cardiovascular disease; dZ = changes in thorax impedance; ECG = electrocardiogram; GAD = generalized anxiety disorder; HR = heart rate; HRV = heart rate variability; IBI = inter-beat-interval; MDD = major depressive disorder; MET = multiple of one's resting metabolic rate times minutes of physical activity; NESDA = The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety; PD = panic disorder; pv = peak-valley; PNS = parasympathetic nervous system; RR = respiratory rate; RSA = respiratory sinus arrhythmia; SDNN = standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval; SNS = sympathetic nervous system; SP = social phobia; VU-AMS = Vrije Universiteit Ambulatory Monitoring System; SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA = tricyclic antidepressant.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In a study involving 616 controls and 1,479 adults with anxiety, lower RSA in anxious subjects survived adjustment for possible confounding factors as health indicators and lifestyle, but further adjustment for antidepressant use rendered all associations non-significant.
“A study involving 616 controls and 1,479 adults with anxiety showed that lower RSA in anxious subjects (52.1 vs. 45.1 ms; peak–valley method) survived adjustment for possible confounding factors as health indicators and lifestyle, but further adjustment for antidepressant use rendered all associations non-significant (62).”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Is Not Associated With Abnormal Autonomic Nervous System Function: Hypothesis and Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDrug use is a critical factor affecting HRV.
“Hence, drug use is a critical factor affecting HRV.”
From Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Is Not Associated With Abnormal Autonomic Nervous System Function: Hypothesis and Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
The discussion reports that antidepressant use was strongly associated with lower HRV and accounted for much of the observed association between anxiety and HRV. The claim broadens this finding from antidepressants to drug use generally and implies an established effect, whereas the paper says cause and effect remain to be established. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChronic anxiety can be conceptualized as a chronic psychobiological stress response in the absence of realistic stressors.
“the latter can be easily conceptualized as a chronic psychobiological stress response in the absence of realistic stressors”
From Exposed to events that never happen: generalized unsafety, the default stress response, and prolonged autonomic activity (2017) · cites this paper as Licht et al., 2009
PC is a core element in chronic stress and chronic anxiety.
“PC is not only a core element chronic stress, but also in chronic anxiety”
From Exposed to events that never happen: generalized unsafety, the default stress response, and prolonged autonomic activity (2017) · cites this paper as Licht et al., 2009
In social anxiety, chronic low HRV has been reported.
“Interestingly, in another common condition in which the social network is compromised, that is social anxiety, chronic low HRV has been reported (e.g.Licht et al., 2009).”
From Exposed to events that never happen: generalized unsafety, the default stress response, and prolonged autonomic activity (2017) · cites this paper as Licht et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Heart Rate Variability: Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use
Electrophysiology, T. F. O. T. E. S. O. C. T. N. A. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.5.1043 · Cited by 17,159 · see citing works
Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use
Malik, M., Bigger, J. T., Camm, A. J., Kleiger, R. E., Malliani, A., Moss, A. J., & Schwartz, P. J. (1996) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868 · Cited by 15,289 · see citing works
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 11,720 · see citing works
KESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327 · see citing works
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 9,210 · see citing works
Wittchen, H.-U. (1994) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(94)90036-1 · Cited by 2,348 · see citing works
Impact of Reduced Heart Rate Variability on Risk for Cardiac Events: The Framingham Heart Study
Tsuji, H., Larson, M. G., Venditti, F. J., Manders, E. S., Evans, J. C., Feldman, C. L., & Levy, D. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.11.2850 · Cited by 1,762 · see citing works
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system.
Porges, S. W. (2001) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00162-3 · Cited by 1,582 · see citing works
Assessment of Physical Activity: An International Perspective
Booth, M. L. (2000) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2000.11082794 · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
The role of vagal function in the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality
Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.11.013 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
BERNTSON, G. G., CACIOPPO, J. T., & QUIGLEY, K. S. (1993) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb01731.x · Cited by 998 · see citing works
The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA): rationale, objectives and methods
Penninx, B. W. J. H., Beekman, A. T. F., Smit, J. H., Zitman, F. G., Nolen, W. A., Spinhoven, P., Cuijpers, P. J., de Jong, P. J., van Marwijk, H., Assendelft, W. J., et al. (2008) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.256 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Self-citationDekker, J. M., Crow, R. S., Folsom, A. R., Hannan, P. J., Liao, D., Swenne, C. A., & Schouten, E. G. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.11.1239 · Cited by 860 · see citing works
An autonomic flexibility–neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone
Friedman, B. H. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.08.009 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Frasure-Smith, N., & Lespérance, F. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.4 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Antelmi, I., De Paula, R. S., Shinzato, A. R., Peres, C. A., Mansur, A. J., & Grupi, C. J. (2004) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.09.065 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Bigger, J. T., Fleiss, J. L., Rolnitzky, L. M., & Steinman, R. C. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.3.927 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Grossman, P., Karemaker, J. M., & Wieling, W. (1991) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb00412.x · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Eckberg, D. L. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.037192 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Cohen, H., Benjamin, J., Geva, A. B., Matar, M. A., Kaplan, Z., & Kotler, M. (2000) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(00)00195-5 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
A comparison of three quantification methods for estimation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.
Grossman, P., van Beek, J., & Wientjes, C. (1990) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb03198.x · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Licht, C. M. M., de Geus, E. J. C., Zitman, F. G., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., van Dyck, R., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1358 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Self-citationStrik, J. J. M. H., Denollet, J., Lousberg, R. L., & Honig, A. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.07.007 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Agelink, M. W., Malessa, R., Baumann, B., Majewski, T., Akila, F., Zeit, T., & Ziegler, D. (2001) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02322053 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Liao, D., Cai, J., Rosamond, W. D., Barnes, R. W., Hutchinson, R. G., Whitsel, E. A., Rautaharju, P. M., & HEISS, G. M. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/145.8.696 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Phobic Anxiety and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women
Albert, C. M., Chae, C. U., Rexrode, K. M., Manson, J. E., & Kawachi, I. I. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000153813.64165.5d · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Short- and long-term effects of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability
Hayano, J., Yamada, M., Sakakibara, Y., Fujinami, T., Yokoyama, K., Watanabe, Y., & Takata, K. (1990) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(90)90030-5 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Ambulatory measurement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration rate
de Geus, E. J. C., Willemsen, G. A. H. M., Klaver, C. H. A. M., & van Doornen, L. J. P. (1995) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(95)05137-6 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Friedmann, E., Thomas, S. A., Liu, F., Morton, P. G., Chapa, D., & Gottlieb, S. S. (2006) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2006.05.009 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Elevated Heart Rate: A Major Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
Palatini, P., & Julius, S. (2004) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1081/ceh-200031959 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Rennie, K. L. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg120 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Effect of Age and Sex on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Subjects
Zhang, J. H. (2007) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2007.04.001 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Anxiety, Depression, and Cause-Specific Mortality: The HUNT Study
Mykletun, A., Bjerkeset, O. A., Dewey, M. E., Prince, M. J., Øverland, S. N., & Stewart, R. J. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31803cb862 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
GROSSMAN, P., & KOLLAI, M. (1993) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb02072.x · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The safety of tricyclic antidepressants in cardiac patients. Risk-benefit reconsidered
Glassman, A. H. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.20.2673 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Ambulatory monitoring of the impedance cardiogram
Willemsen, G. A. H. M., de Geus, E. J. C., Klaver, C. H. A. M., VanDoornen, L. J. P., & Carrofl, D. (1996) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02122.x · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Anxiety and depression as risk factors for mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery
Tully, P. J., Baker, R. A., & Knight, J. L. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.09.007 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Székely, A., Balog, P., Benkö, E., Breuer, T., Székely, J., Kertai, M. D., Horkay, F., Kopp, M. S., & Thayer, J. F. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31814b8c0f · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Anxiety and Vagal Control of Heart Rate
Watkins, L. L., Grossman, P., Krishnan, R. R., & Sherwood, A. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199807000-00018 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Thayer, J. F., Hall, M. H., Sollers, J. J., & Fischer, J. E. (2005) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.10.013 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
EXERCISE AND AUTONOMIC FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Rosenwinkel, E. T., Bloomfield, D. M., Arwady, M. A., & Goldsmith, R. L. (2001) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8651(05)70223-x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Eaker, E. D., SULLIVAN, L. M., Kelly‐Hayes, M., D’Agostino, R. B., & Benjamin, E. J. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000174050.87193.96 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Comparison of time and frequency domain measures of RSA in ambulatory recordings
Goedhart, A. D., van der Sluis, S., Houtveen, J. H., Willemsen, G. A. H. M., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2007) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00490.x · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Berntson, G. G., Cacioppo, J. T., & Grossman, P. (2007) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.08.006 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Houtveen, J. H., Rietveld, S., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2002) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3940427 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Analysis of twenty-four hour heart rate variability in patients with panic disorder
McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D., & Stuppy, W. P. (2001) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00074-6 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Decreased R‐R variance in panic disorder patients
Yeragani, V. K., Balon, R., Pohl, R. B., Ramesh, C., Glitz, D. A., Weinberg, P., & Merlos, B. (1990) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05498.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Pacher, P., Ungvari, Z. I., Nánási, P. P., Fürst, S., & Kecskeméti, V. (1999) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867306666220330184544 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Physical fitness as a determinant of vagal modulation
Goldsmith, R. L., Bigger, J. T., Bloomfield, D. M., & Steinman, R. C. (1997) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199706000-00012 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Altered heart rate variability in panic disorder patients
Klein, E., Cnaani, E., Harel, T., Braun, S. G., & Ben‐Haim, S. A. (1995) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00130-u · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Britton, A. R., Shipley, M. J., Malík, M., Hnatkova, K., Hemingway, H., & Marmot, M. G. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.056 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Power spectrum analysis and cardiovascular morbidity in anxiety disorders
Cohen, H., & Benjamin, J. (2006) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2005.06.007 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Heritability of Ambulatory Heart Rate Variability
Kupper, N. H. M., Willemsen, G. A. H. M., van den Berg, M., de Boer, D., Danielle Posthuma, B., Boomsma, D. I., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000146334.96820.6e · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The effects of stress-anxiety and coping styles on heart rate variability
Fuller, B. F. (1992) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/0167-8760(92)90045-d · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Use of the Beck Anxiety Inventory with Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatients
Steer, R. A., Kumar, G., Ranieri, W. F., & Beck, A. T. (1995) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.459 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cardiac disease, anxiety, and sexual functioning
Friedman, S. (2000) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00893-6 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Heart rate variability and cardiac autonomic function in men with chronic alcohol dependence.
Malpas, S. C., Whiteside, E. A., & Tj, M. (1991) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.65.2.84 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Murata, K., Landrigan, P. J., & Araki, S. (1992) · Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System · doi:10.1016/0165-1838(92)90041-e · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a function of state anxiety in healthy individuals
Jönsson, P. (2006) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.08.002 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Autonomic neurotoxicity of alcohol assessed by heart rate variability
Murata, K., Araki, S., Yokoyama, K., Sata, F., Yamashita, K., & Ono, Y. (1994) · Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System · doi:10.1016/0165-1838(94)90026-4 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Relations between alcohol consumption, heart rate, and heart rate variability in men
Ryan, J., & Howes, L. G. (2002) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.88.6.641 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Houtveen, J. H., & Molenaar, P. C. M. (2001) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3850729 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Kageyama, T., Nishikido, N., Honda, Y., Kurokawa, Y., Imai, H., Kobayashi, T., Kaneko, T., & Kabuto, M. (1997) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s004200050173 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wu, J.-S., Lu, F.-H., Yang, Y.-C., Lin, T.-S., Huang, Y.-H., Wu, C.-H., Chen, J.-J., & Chang, C.-J. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803791 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Antidepressant drugs and heart electrical field.
Slavíček, J., Paclt, I., Hamplová, J., Kittnar, O., Trefný, Z., & Horacek, B. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Anxiety and panic: Relationship to depression and cardiac disorders
Dünner, D. L. (1985) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(85)72770-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Episodic anxiety and cardiac arrhythmias
Brown, H. N., & Kemble, S. B. (1981) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(81)73097-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Safety of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Cardiac Patients
Glassman, A. H. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500200087039 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 69 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Friedman BH. An autonomic flexibility-neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone. Biol Psychol 2007;74:185-99.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Anxiety Disorders are Associated with Reduced Heart Rate Variability: A Meta-Analysis
Chalmers, J. A., Quintana, D. S., Abbott, M. J.-A., & Kemp, A. H. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00080 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
“(74) included, however, this study was not included in the final analysis.”
BackgroundInfluentialHeart rate variability as a transdiagnostic biomarker of psychopathology
Beauchaine, T. P., & Thayer, J. F. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.004 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Alvares, G. A., Quintana, D. S., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.140217 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Depression and cardiovascular disease in elderly: Current understanding
Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., & Ma, L. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2017.09.022 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Kemp, A. H., Quintana, D. S., Felmingham, K. L., Matthews, S. T., & Jelinek, H. F. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030777 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Anxiety and new onset of cardiovascular disease: critical review and meta-analysis
Batelaan, N. M., Seldenrijk, A., Bot, M., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156554 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Self-citationLicht, C. M. M., de Geus, E. J. C., Seldenrijk, A., van Hout, H. P. J., Zitman, F. G., van Dyck, R., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2009) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.126698 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Self-citationDuivis, H. E., Vogelzangs, N., Kupper, N., de Jonge, P., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.01.002 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationPittig, A., Arch, J. J., Lam, C. W. R., & Craske, M. G. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.012 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
White, S. W., Mazefsky, C. A., Dichter, G. S., Chiu, P. H., Richey, J. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2014) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.012 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Brosschot, J., Verkuil, B., & Thayer, J. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.04.012 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Longitudinal Evidence for Unfavorable Effects of Antidepressants on Heart Rate Variability
Licht, C. M. M., de Geus, E. J. C., van Dyck, R., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.032 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-citationKemp, A. H., Brunoni, A. R., Santos, I. S., Nunes, M. A., Dantas, E. M., Carvalho de Figueiredo, R., Pereira, A. C., Ribeiro, A. L. P., Mill, J. G., Andreão, R. V., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13121605 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Effects of a brief mindfulness meditation intervention on student stress and heart rate variability.
Shearer, A., Hunt, M. G., Chowdhury, M., & Nicol, L. (2015) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/a0039814 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Brosschot, J. F., Verkuil, B., & Thayer, J. F. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.019 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
ter Meulen, W. G., Draisma, S., van Hemert, A. M., Schoevers, R. A., Kupka, R., Beekman, A. T. F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.004 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationAlvares, G. A., Quintana, D. S., Kemp, A. H., Van Zwieten, A., Balleine, B. W., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070468 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Pannekoek, J. N., Veer, I. M., van Tol, M., van der Werff, S. J. A., Demenescu, L. R., Aleman, A., Veltman, D. J., Zitman, F. G., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & van der Wee, N. J. A. (2012) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.04.018 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Lin, I. M., Tai, L. Y., & Fan, S. Y. (2014) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.12.006 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Depression, heart rate related variables and cardiovascular disease
Taylor, C. B. (2010) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.04.006 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Heart–brain interactions in cardiac arrhythmia
Taggart, P. I., Critchley, H., & Lambiase, P. D. (2011) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.209304 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Blom, E. H., Olsson, E. M. G., Serlachius, E., Ericson, M. O., & Ingvar, M. (2010) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01657.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Hu, M. X., Lamers, F., de Geus, E. J. C., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000313 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationRespiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity in current and remitted major depressive disorder
Bylsma, L. M., Salomon, K., Taylor-Clift, A., Morris, B. H., & Rottenberg, J. (2014) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000019 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Gaebler, M., Daniels, J. K., Lamke, J.-P., Fydrich, T., & Walter, H. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.06.009 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Assessing Anxiety Disorders Using Wearable Devices: Challenges and Future Directions
Elgendi, M., & Menon, C. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9030050 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Licht, C. M. M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.107 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationHeart and soul: heart rate variability and major depression.
Kidwell, M., & Ellenbroek, B. (2018) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000387 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Heart rate variability as a biomarker of anxious depression response to antidepressant medication
Kircanski, K., Williams, L. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22843 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Jester, D. J., Rozek, E. K., & McKelley, R. A. (2018) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1432031 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Grossman, P. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108739 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Blom, E. C. H., Serlachius, E., Larsson, J., Theorell, T., & Ingvar, M. (2010) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-8-58 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and accelerated cellular ageing
Verhoeven, J. E., Révész, D., van Oppen, P., Epel, E. S., Wolkowitz, O. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2015) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.151027 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationWorried sleep: 24-h monitoring in high and low worriers
Weise, S., Ong, J., Tesler, N. A., Kim, S., & Roth, W. T. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.04.009 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Bae, D., Matthews, J. J. L., Chen, J. J., & Mah, L. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13905 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Heart Rate Variability Modulates Interoceptive Accuracy
Lischke, A., Pahnke, R., Mau‐Moeller, A., & Weippert, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.612445 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Chang, H., Chang, C.-C., Tzeng, N., Kuo, T. B. J., Lu, R., & Huang, S. (2013) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2013.10.4.326 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Heart rate variability study of childhood anxiety disorders
Sharma, R. K., Balhara, Y. P. S., Sagar, R., Deepak, K. K., & Mehta, M. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research · doi:10.4103/0975-3583.83040 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Levine, J. C., Fleming, R., Piedmont, J. I., Cain, S. M., & Chen, W. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.019 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Choi, C.-J., Kim, K., Kim, C.-M., Kim, S., & Choi, W.-S. (2010) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.09.011 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A ventral salience network in the macaque brain
Touroutoglou, A., Bliss‐Moreau, E., Zhang, J., Mantini, D., Vanduffel, W., Dickerson, B. C., & Barrett, L. F. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.029 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Classification of Anxiety Disorders using Machine Learning Methods: A Literature Review
Muhammad, A., Ashjan, B., Ghufran, M., Taghreed, S., Nada, A., Nada, A., & Maryam, A. (2020) · Insights of Biomedical Research · doi:10.36959/584/455 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Psychophysiological Response Patterns to Affective Film Stimuli
Bos, M. G. N., Jentgens, P., Beckers, T., & Kindt, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062661 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Correia, A. T. L., Lipinska, G., Rauch, L., Forshaw, P. E., Roden, L. C., & Rae, D. E. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.018 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Heart Rate Variability, Homeostasis, and Brain Function
Riganello, F., Garbarino, S., & Sannita, W. G. (2012) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000080 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Barakat, A., Vogelzangs, N., Licht, C. M. M., Geenen, R., Macfarlane, G. J., de Geus, E. J. C., Smit, J. H., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Dekker, J. (2012) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.21669 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety and Adverse Health Outcomes Among Cardiac Patients
Abed, M. A., Kloub, M. I., & Moser, D. K. (2013) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0b013e318292b235 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pathophysiological relationships between heart failure and depression and anxiety
Chapa, D. W., Akintade, B., Son, H., Woltz, P., Hunt, D., Friedmann, E., Hartung, M. K., & Thomas, S. A. (2014) · Critical Care Nurse · doi:10.4037/ccn2014938 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kemp, A. H., Quintana, D. S., & Malhi, G. S. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.035 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Effects of dynamic ambient lighting on female permanent morning shift workers
Canazei, M., Dehoff, P., Staggl, S., & Pohl, W. (2013) · Lighting Research & Technology · doi:10.1177/1477153513475914 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Morales, J., de la Cal, A. Y., Fernández‐González, L., Montesinos-Magraner, L., Marco-Ahulló, A., Solana–Tramunt, M., & Calvete, E. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214858 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Biosensors for psychiatric biomarkers in mental health monitoring
Wang, L., Hu, Y., Jiang, N., & Yetisen, A. K. (2024) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116242 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Physiological Response to Social Evaluative Threat in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Edmiston, E. K., Jones, R. M., & Corbett, B. A. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2842-1 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Schmidt, L. A., Santesso, D. L., Miskovic, V., Mathewson, K. J., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Insomnia, anxiety, and heart rate variability among nurses working different shift systems in Taiwan
Shen, S., Yen, M., Yang, S., & Lee, C. (2016) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.12257 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Sleep problems and heart rate variability over the working day
Jackowska, M., Dockray, S., Endrighi, R., Hendrickx, H., & Steptoe, A. (2012) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.00996.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Macaque Cardiac Physiology Is Sensitive to the Valence of Passively Viewed Sensory Stimuli
Bliss‐Moreau, E., Machado, C. J., & Amaral, D. G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071170 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sardinha, A., de Araújo, C. G. S., Soares‐Filho, G. L., & Nardi, A. E. (2011) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/erc.10.170 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Jung, W., Kim, S.-W., & Park, H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17061934 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cano, S. P., Cubillos, C., Alfaro, R., Romo, A., García, M., & Moreira, F. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24248137 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Improving the Prediction of Risk for Anxiety Development in Temperamentally Fearful Children
Buss, K. A., & McDoniel, M. E. (2016) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721415611601 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Biased attention to threat and anxiety: On taking a developmental approach
Burris, J. L., Buss, K. A., LoBue, V., Pérez‐Edgar, K. E., & Field, A. P. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/2043808719860717 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mizuno, T., Tamakoshi, K., & Tanabe, K. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.06.006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Choi, K. W., Jang, E. H., Kim, A. Y., D, M. F. M., Mischoulon, D., Papakostas, G. I., Kim, D. J., Kim, K., Yu, H. Y., & Jeon, H. J. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.048 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Perinatal Mental Health and Stress: a Review of the Microbiome
Redpath, N., Rackers, H., & Kimmel, M. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-0998-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Multimodal Classification of Anxiety Based on Physiological Signals
Vaz, M., Summavielle, T., Sebastião, R., & Ribeiro, R. P. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13116368 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders in Patients With Somatic Diseases
Henning, M., Subič-Wrana, C., Wiltink, J., & Beutel, M. E. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000779 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Mathewson, K. J., Schmidt, L. A., Miskovic, V., Santesso, D. L., Duku, E., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.03.016 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Blumenthal, J. A., Feger, B. J., Smith, P. J., Watkins, L. L., Jiang, W., Davidson, J. R. T., Hoffman, B. M., Ashworth, M., Mabe, S., Babyak, M. A., et al. (2016) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2016.03.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Liao, K.-H., Sung, C., Chu, S.-F., Chiu, W.-T., Chiang, Y. H., Hoffer, B. J., Ou, J., Chen, K., Tsai, S., Lin, C., et al. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Influences of lifestyle factors on cardiac autonomic nervous system activity over time
Hu, M. X., Lamers, F., de Geus, E. J. C., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationMann, S., Selby, E. A., Bates, M. E., & Contrada, R. J. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.07.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Love alters autonomic reactivity to emotions.
Schneiderman, I., Zilberstein-Kra, Y., Leckman, J. F., & Feldman, R. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0024090 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Licht, C. M. M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.034 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationHeart Rate Variability for the Prediction of Treatment Response in Major Depressive Disorder
Choi, K. W., & Jeon, H. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00607 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Heart–Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of the Interaction between Depression and Arrhythmia
Fang, S., & Zhang, W. Y. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12081719 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Rowny, S. B., Cycowicz, Y. M., McClintock, S. M., Truesdale, M. D., Luber, B. M., & Lisanby, S. H. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.070 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Subjective well-being and month-long LF/HF ratio among deskworkers
Shiga, K., Izumi, K., Minato, K., Sugio, T., Yoshimura, M., Kitazawa, M., Hanashiro, S., Cortright, K., Kurokawa, S., Momota, Y., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257062 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Diminished autonomic neurocardiac function in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
Kim, K., Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s121533 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Henze, M., Tiniakov, R. L., Samarel, A. M., HOLMES, E. W., & Scrogin, K. E. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00763.2012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Anxiety Body Odors as Context for Dynamic Faces: Categorization and Psychophysiological Biases
Rocha, M., Parma, V., Lundström, J. N., & Soares, S. C. (2018) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006618797227 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hu, X., Sgherza, T. R., Nothrup, J. B., Fresco, D. M., Naragon‐Gainey, K., & Bylsma, L. M. (2024) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-024-02387-3 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Dutheil, F., Chambres, P., Hufnagel, C., Auxiette, C., Chaussé, P., Ghozi, R., Paugam, G., Boudet, G., Khalfa, N. C., Naughton, G. A., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007716 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Greenblatt‐Kimron, L., Marai, I., Lorber, A., & Cohen, M. W. (2019) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1523880 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Fisher, A. J., & Woodward, S. H. (2013) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12148 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Cardiac vagal control as a prospective predictor of anxiety in women diagnosed with breast cancer
Kogan, A. V., Allen, J. J. B., & Weihs, K. L. (2012) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.019 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kircanski, K., Waugh, C. E., Camacho, M. C., & Gotlib, I. H. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9493-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Chang, H., Chang, C.-C., Tzeng, N., Kuo, T. B. J., Lu, R., & Huang, S. (2013) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.12032 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Autonomic Arousal During Actigraphically Estimated Waking and Sleep in Male Veterans With PTSD
Bertram, F., Jamison, A. L., Slightam, C. A., Kim, S. Y., Roth, H. L., & Roth, W. T. (2014) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21947 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Antidepressant medication can improve hypertension in elderly patients with depression
Fu, W., Ma, L., Zhao, X., Li, Y., Zhu, H., Yang, W., Liu, C., Liu, J., Han, R., & Liu, H. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2015.03.067 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Barbier, A., Chen, J.-H., & Huizinga, J. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.830234 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“use rendered all associations non-significant (62).”
Nardelli, M., Valenza, G., Cristea, I., Gentili, C., Cotet, C., David, D., Lanatá, A., & Scilingo, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2015.00037 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Chang, H., Fang, W., Wan, F.-J., Tzeng, N., Liu, Y., Shyu, J., Chang, T.-C., Huang, S., & Chang, C.-C. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719001302 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Fear and distress disorders as predictors of heart disease: a temporal perspective
Roest, A. M., de Jonge, P., Lim, C. W. W., Stein, D. J., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Benjet, C., Bruffaerts, R., Bunting, B., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.03.015 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Fu, P., Gibson, C. J., Mendes, W. B., Schembri, M. E., & Huang, A. J. (2018) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001153 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Spinhoven, P., van der Veen, D. C., Voshaar, R. C. O., & Comijs, H. C. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Mindful Versus Diaphragmatic Breathing: Spirituality Moderates the Impact on Heart Rate Variability
Hunt, M. G., Rajagopal, T., Cerecino, F., & O’Neil, M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01738-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Autogenic Training in Mental Disorders: What Can We Expect?
Breznoščáková, D., Kovaničová, M., Sedlákova, E., & Pallayová, M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054344 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tully, E. C., & Iacono, W. G. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.20 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Stress in crisis managers: evidence from self-report and psychophysiological assessments
Janka, A., Adler, C. M., Fischer, L., Perakakis, P., Guerra, P. M., & Duschek, S. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9654-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Licht, C. M. M., de Geus, E. J. C., van Dyck, R., & Penninx, B. W. J. H.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Licht, Carmilla M. M.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 508-518
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2111743880
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 8.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (10-000-1002, Grant 10-000-1002)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, heart rate variability, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, autonomic nervous system, heart rate, lifestyle confounding, NESDA, cardiovascular risk, comorbid depression
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antidepressive Agents, Anxiety Disorders, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Arrhythmia, Sinus, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Electrocardiography, Female, Health Status, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Phobic Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Respiration, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
