Autonomic and adrenocortical reactivity and buccal cell telomere length in kindergarten children
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To examine associations between autonomic nervous system and adrenocortical reactivity to laboratory stressors and buccal cell telomere length (BTL) in children. Methods: The study sample comprised 78 children, aged 5 to 6 years, from a longitudinal cohort study of kindergarten social hierarchies, biologic responses to adversity, and child health. Buccal cell samples and reactivity measures were collected in the spring of the kindergarten year. BTL was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, as the telomere-to-single-copy gene ratio. Parents provided demographic information; parents and teachers reported children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Components of children's autonomic (heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA], and preejection period [PEP]) and adrenocortical (salivary cortisol) responses were monitored during standardized laboratory challenges. We examined relationships between reactivity, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and BTL, adjusted for age, race, and sex. Results: Heart rate and cortisol reactivity were inversely related to BTL, PEP was positively related to BTL, and RSA was unrelated to BTL. Internalizing behaviors were also inversely related to BTL (standardized β = −0.33, p =.004). Split at the median of reactivity parameters, children with high sympathetic activation (decreasing PEP), and parasympathetic withdrawal (decreasing RSA) did not differ with regard to BTL. However, children with both this profile and high cortisol reactivity (n = 12) had significantly shorter BTL (0.80 versus 1.00; χ2 = 7.6, p =.006), compared with other children. Conclusions: The combination of autonomic and adrenocortical reactivity was associated with shorter BTL in children. These data suggest that psychophysiological processes may influence, and that BTL may be a useful marker of, early biologic aging. DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; BTL = buccal cell telomere length; ANS = autonomic nervous system; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; HR = heart rate; SNS = sympathetic nervous system; PNS = parasympathetic nervous system; PEP = preejection period; RSA = respiratory sinus arrhythmia; PAWS = Peers and Wellness Study; BMI = body mass index; T/S = telomere repeat copy number to single-copy gene copy number; ECG = electrocardiograph; SES = socioeconomic status.
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Studies are more, but not always, consistent in showing inverse relationships between LTL and dynamic aspects of cortisol secretion as opposed to basal, resting or even circadian cortisol levels.
“Studies are more, but not always, consistent in showing inverse relationships between LTL and dynamic aspects of cortisol secretion (e.g., waking-associated increases in cortisol or cortisol responses provoked by psychological stress) (Gotlib et al., 2014; Kroenke et al., 2011; Revesz et al., 2013; Tomiyama et al., 2012) as opposed to basal, resting or even circadian cortisol levels.”
From Psychiatric disorders and leukocyte telomere length: Underlying mechanisms linking mental illness with cellular aging (2015) · cites this paper as Kroenke et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Kroenke, C. H., Epel, E., Adler, N., Bush, N. R., Obradović, J., Lin, J., Blackburn, E., Stamperdahl, J. L., & Boyce, W. T.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kroenke, Candyce H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 533-540
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3212037
- OpenAlex
- W2002796604
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 070950-02, R21MH070950)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- telomere length
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex, Aging, Anxiety, Arrhythmia, Sinus, Autonomic Nervous System, Child, Child, Preschool, Depression, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Mouth Mucosa, Saliva, Stress, Psychological, Telomere, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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