Neuroticism and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Socioeconomic Status Modifies the Risk in Women (UK Health and Lifestyle Survey)
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OBJECTIVE: The association between personality traits and mortality might differ as a function of socioeconomic status (SES). Our aim was to evaluate the all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality risk associated with neuroticism or extraversion and their interactions with SES in a representative sample of the UK adult population. METHODS: A total of 5450 participants (2505 men) from the Health and Lifestyle Survey completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory at baseline and were monitored for vital status over 25 years. SES was defined as a latent variable comprising occupational social class, educational attainment, and income. RESULTS: A significant neuroticism-by-SES-by-sex interaction (p = .04) for CVD mortality revealed a neuroticism-by-SES interaction specific to women. Compared to women with average SES, those with both high neuroticism and low SES were at an increased risk for CVD mortality (hazard ratio = 2.02, 95% confidence interval = 1.45-2.80), whereas those with high neuroticism and high SES combined were at a decreased risk for CVD mortality (hazard ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.38-0.97, p for interaction = 0.003). The interaction term was not explained by health behaviors (10% attenuation) and physiological variables (11% attenuation). This interaction was not observed for all-cause and cancer mortality risks or among men for CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High neuroticism is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in women with low SES, whereas in women with higher SES, it is protective. Further research is needed to replicate this finding and identify the mechanisms behind the modifying effect of SES on neuroticism.
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Individuals who are higher in conscientiousness report lower levels of stress and more effective coping styles.
“For instance, individuals who are higher in conscientiousness report lower levels of stress (51) and more effective coping styles (58), which might protect against stress-induced systemic inflammation in low-SES circumstances characterized by greater prevalence and severity of stressors (32).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Hagger-Johnson, G., Roberts, B., Boniface, D., Sabia, S., Batty, G. D., Elbaz, A., Singh-Manoux, A., & Deary, I. J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 596-603
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013904305
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- inserm.hal.science
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG034454)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- neuroticism, cardiovascular mortality, socioeconomic status, personality traits, extraversion, sex differences, cancer mortality, all-cause mortality, occupational class, educational attainment, income, health behavior, physiological parameters
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Female, United Kingdom, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Social Class, Women, Health Behavior, Proportional Hazards Models
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