Socioeconomic status, psychological resources, and inflammatory markers: Results from the MIDUS study.
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OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate interactions of psychological resources and socioeconomic status (SES)-as well as potential gender differences and the explanatory role of childhood and adult stress exposures, health behaviors, and negative and positive affect-in predicting markers of systemic inflammation. METHOD: We utilized a sample of adults from the Midlife Development in the U.S. (MIDUS) study who provided biomarker data (N = 1,152). SES was operationalized as a composite of education, income, and occupational prestige, and the psychological resources construct was operationalized as a latent factor measured with optimism, perceived control, and self-esteem. Linear regression models examined these 2 factors and their interaction in predicting interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) measured on average 2 years later, as well as 3-way interactions involving gender and the impact of covariate adjustment. RESULTS: Psychological resources interacted with SES in men (for IL-6: p < .001; for CRP: p = .04) but not in women. In men, greater psychological resources was associated with lower concentrations of IL-6 at lower levels of SES but higher concentrations of both markers at higher levels of SES. The inverse association between resources and IL-6 at low SES was moderately attenuated upon adjustment for negative affect. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic status might modulate the linkage between psychological resources and systemic inflammation in men. At lower levels of SES, resources may be related to lower inflammation in part through lower negative affect. Associations with higher inflammation at higher SES add to growing evidence suggesting that adaptive psychological characteristics may be associated with markers of poorer physiological function under certain conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Studies have reported stronger associations of presumably adaptive and maladaptive dispositions with physical functioning and mortality at lower levels of SES, thereby contributing to smaller or larger socioeconomic gradients.
“Consistent with the vulnerability model, studies have reported stronger associations of presumably adaptive (e.g., perceived control) and maladaptive (e.g., neuroticism and negative affectivity) dispositions with physical functioning and mortality at lower levels of SES, thereby contributing to smaller or larger socioeconomic gradients (33-36).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [36]
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The Nexus Between Medical Care Policy Alienation and Career Success: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Xu, J., Xia, C., Hui, Z., & Ding, X. (2024) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/2024/5598520 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Clark, A. L., McGill, M. B., Weigand, A. J., Wisch, J. K., Petersen, K. J., Ances, B. M., Braskie, M. N., O’Bryant, S. E., Thomas, K. R., & HABS‐HD Study Team (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.70109 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Top-down versus bottom-up processes in the formation of positive and negative retrospective affect
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The Social Determinants and Health Consequences of Non-Cognitive Resources in Young Adulthood
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A Cultural Neuroscience Perspective on Socioeconomic Disparities in Global Mental Health
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- Authors
- Elliot, A. J., & Chapman, B. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Health Psychology
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1205-1213
- ISSN
- 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-7810
- PMC
- PMC5067959
- OpenAlex
- W2415625256
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 8.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01-AG020166; R01AG044588)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, psychological resources, systemic inflammation, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, optimism, perceived control, self-esteem, gender differences, negative affect, childhood stress, adult stress, health behavior, Midlife Development in the United States
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Employment, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Social Class, Stress, Psychological, Biomarkers, Health Behavior, Interleukin-6
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