Personality traits and preventive cancer screenings in the health retirement study
Open accessAbstract
The Five-Factor model of personality has been associated with a wide range of health behaviors and health outcomes. However, few studies have examined whether personality traits are related to cancer screening in older adults. The present study investigated the cross-sectional associations between personality traits and the probability of obtaining a recent preventive screening for breast, cervical, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 14,394, M age = 68.14 years, range = 50-102 years, 58.6% female) completed a personality inventory and reported on cancer screenings in the 2010-2012 assessment. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data, including age, race, ethnicity, gender, education, income, and wealth as covariates. Higher conscientiousness was associated with a higher likelihood of obtaining breast, cervical, and prostate screening. Higher extraversion was related to higher odds of breast, cervical, and colorectal screening. Higher neuroticism was linked to higher odds of colorectal screening, and conscientiousness moderated the link between neuroticism and cervical screening. These associations were significant in models that accounted for demographic and socioeconomic factors. The effect sizes were in the range of a 10-20% higher likelihood of cancer screening for 1 SD difference in personality. The present findings suggest that conscientiousness and extraversion were related to preventive cancer screenings, whereas neuroticism, openness and agreeableness were largely unrelated to the likelihood of such screenings. If these results are further replicated, health policy makers may consider personality traits when planning and implementing screening recommendations to improve preventive medicine.
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Conscientiousness has been found to be strongly related to a propensity to engage in many other health-related behaviors, such as healthy eating and cancer screening.
“The personality trait of conscientiousness has also been found to be strongly related to a propensity to engage in many other health-related behaviors (Gerhards et al., 2011), such as healthy eating (Wilson et al., 2016), and cancer screening (Aschwanden et al., 2019).”
From Predictors of acceptability and engagement in a self-guided online program for depression and anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as Aschwanden et al., 2019
The Results and Discussion report that higher conscientiousness was associated with breast, cervical, and prostate cancer screening, supporting the cancer-screening example. But the paper found no association with colorectal screening, and its reported effect sizes—10% to 20% higher likelihood per standard-deviation difference in personality—do not clearly support calling the relationship “strong.” Healthy eating is attributed to a different citation in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Aschwanden, D., Gerend, M. A., Luchetti, M., Stephan, Y., Sutin, A. R., & Terracciano, A.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aschwanden, Damaris
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 126
- Pages
- 105763
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6810562
- OpenAlex
- W2953447055
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 2.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigiNole (Florida State University) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- personality traits, Big Five personality traits, cancer screening, preventive health behavior, older adults, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, breast cancer screening, cervical cancer screening, prostate cancer screening, colorectal cancer screening, Health and Retirement Study
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Personality, Personality Inventory, Retirement, United States, Sex Distribution, Early Detection of Cancer
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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