Long‐Term Relations of Personality and Health: Dynamisms, Mechanisms, Tropisms

Friedman, Howard S.

doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00127

Cited by 514Personality Traits and PsychologyHealth disparities and outcomesPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

Long‐Term Relations of Personality and Health: Dynamisms, Mechanisms, Tropisms

Friedman, Howard S.·2000·Journal of Personality

DOI 10.1111/1467-6494.00127

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Abstract

There is now little doubt that individuals who are well‐adjusted, socially stable, and well‐integrated into their communities are at significantly lower risk for disease and premature mortality than those who are more unstable, impulsive, isolated, and alienated. The reasons for these associations, however, are complex and the pathways insufficiently studied. This article employs a life‐span data set to explore how childhood personality relates to health‐related growth and development ( dynamisms ), patterns of reactions and health behaviors ( mechanisms ), and movements toward and away from suitable environments ( tropisms ). Illustrations from the 7‐decade Terman longitudinal data reveal important areas in which previous, cross‐sectional research has misinterpreted associations between personality and health. In particular, Sociability has been overrated as a life‐span health risk factor, Conscientiousness has been underrated, and Neuroticism has been confused. Without sufficient attention to the processes underlying the associations between personality and health, significant suboptimal allocations of intervention resources result.

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A study in a UK cohort indicated higher neuroticism-related risk for cardiovascular mortality at low SES but lower risk at high SES, albeit only in women.
“A study in a UK cohort (59) also indicated higher neuroticism-related risk for cardiovascular mortality at low SES but lower risk at high SES (with inflammation being a plausible biological mechanism), albeit only in women (a post-hoc probe of 3-way interactions revealed no such gender difference here).”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [59]
Friedman has proposed a theory of "healthy" versus unhealthy Neuroticism.
“Friedman has proposed a theory of “healthy” versus unhealthy Neuroticism [26].”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [26]
"Healthy neuroticism" encompasses "worried well" tendencies that may facilitate engagement in preventive health behavior to allay concern about acquiring chronic health problems.
““Healthy neuroticism” encompasses “worried well” tendencies that may facilitate engagement in preventive health behavior to allay concern about acquiring chronic health problems.”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [26]

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Personality, Well-Being, and Health*
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Self-citation

Authors: Friedman, H. S.
Affiliations: University of California, Riverside (US)
Corresponding author: Friedman, Howard S.
ORCID: Friedman, Howard S.
Venue: Journal of Personality
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2000-12
Volume: 68
Issue: 6
Pages: 1089-1107
ISSN: 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
1467-6494
DOI: 10.1111/1467-6494.00127
OpenAlex: W2109712297
Cited by: 514
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 12.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 389 d)
Locations: Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG08825, R01AG008825)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: personality and health, personality traits, sociability, conscientiousness, neuroticism, child personality, lifespan development, health behavior, social integration, premature mortality, health risk factors
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Child, Female, Humans, Longevity, Male, Middle Aged, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Development, Personality Disorders, Social Adjustment, Health Behavior

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Long‐Term Relations of Personality and Health: Dynamisms, Mechanisms, Tropisms

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