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Time, Sex, Gender, History, and Dementia
Open accessAbstract
A growing body of epidemiologic evidence indicates a decline in the incidence or prevalence of dementia in high income countries in the past 25 years. In this commentary, I first suggest that the decline in the incidence or prevalence of dementia is not explained completely by the factors considered so far, and that a broader historical perspective may be needed. Second, I suggest that the overall declining trend may conceal trends in opposite directions for the two major subtypes of dementia, the neurovascular and the neurodegenerative type. Third, I suggest some areas of future research to further elucidate the trends. The future of dementia remains somewhat unclear. Even if the incidence continues to decline, the prevalence may remain the same or increase if survival of persons affected by dementia increases. In addition, even if the prevalence declines, the total number of persons affected by dementia may remain the same or increase if the size of the elderly population expands. Finally, we cannot be sure that the decline in incidence will continue in the coming decades. With cautious optimism, we may conclude that the burden of dementia may be modified over time by human practices, including public health and medicine.
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“Differences in the risk of dementia between men and women may therefore depend, in part, on age and/or geographic region.269,270”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [270]
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“Therefore, differences in the risk of dementia between men and women may depend in part on age, birth cohort and/or geographic region.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [296]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rocca, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rocca, Walter A.
- ORCID
- Rocca, Walter A.
- Venue
- Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-79
- ISSN
- 0893-0341 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5321864
- OpenAlex
- W2589809117
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 4.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG034676, P50AG044170, U01AG006786, P01AG004875)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- dementia incidence, dementia prevalence, neurodegenerative dementia, sex differences, gender differences, temporal trends, population aging, dementia burden, public health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Dementia, Humans, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, Incidence, Prevalence, Age Distribution
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