Rate of cognitive change measured by neuropsychologic test performance in 3 distinct dementia syndromes
Abstract
Progressive decline in cognition is a hallmark feature of dementia, and the rate and profile of cognitive decline has been well characterized in Alzheimer disease (AD). Less is known about decline in cognition over time in other forms of dementia such as the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA). The present study examined rate of cognitive decline across domains of memory, language, and executive function measured by neuropsychologic tests, in AD (n=84), FTD (n=66), and PPA (n=44). Patients were in the mild stages of dementia, with comparable duration of illness at the baseline evaluation. A best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) analysis was used in which the slope of the relationship between a cognitive measure and time was estimated for each person. AD subjects demonstrated a floor effect on measures of memory at baseline and a decline on measures of language and executive functioning over time. FTD showed the greatest decline over time on the Mini-Mental State Examination, executive functioning, and naming. PPA patients demonstrated prominent decline on language measures, verbal memory measures, and attention. Results suggest that the profile of rate of change over time has unique features on the basis of the type of dementia syndrome. However, there is overlap in the profiles of decline likely influenced by the overlap in cognitive constructs measured by neuropsychologic tests. The comparison of the rate of decline in FTD and PPA may also reflect the neuroanatomic overlap in these syndromes over time.
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Despite cognitive heterogeneity, disease progression in bvFTD has been marked by decline in executive functioning, memory, language and attention (1 to 8 years).
“Despite cognitive heterogeneity, disease progression in bvFTD has been marked by decline in executive functioning, memory, language and attention (1 to 8 years) (Blair et al., 2007; Wicklund et al., 2007; Smits et al., 2015; Ramanan et al., 2017).”
From The pursuit for markers of disease progression in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: a scoping review to optimize outcome measures for clinical trials (2024) · cites this paper as Wicklund et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Wicklund, A. H., Rademaker, A., Johnson, N., Weitner, B. B., & Weintraub, S.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wicklund, Alissa H.
- Rademaker, Alfred
- Johnson, Nancy
- Weitner, Bing Bing
- Venue
- Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- S70-S78
- ISSN
- 0893-0341 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005742064
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG13854, P30AG013854)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- dementia syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, primary progressive aphasia, memory decline, language loss, executive function decline, neuropsychological test performance, Mini-Mental State Examination, naming, attention, mild dementia
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Aphasia, Primary Progressive
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