Cognitive decline in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Only a small number of studies on the natural disease course in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) have been conducted. This is surprising because knowledge about the progression of symptoms is a precondition for the design of clinical drug trials. METHODS: The aim of the present study was to examine the cognitive decline of 20 patients with mild bvFTD over one year using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease - Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-NAB). RESULTS: Within an average follow-up interval of 13 months, patient scores declined significantly in the Mini-mental-State-Examination (MMSE) and the CERAD-NAB subtests of naming, verbal and nonverbal memory. No significant changes were found in the CERAD-NAB subtests of category fluency, recognition, and visuoconstruction. The average annualized decline on the MMSE was 4.0 ± 4.9 points. Ceiling effects were detected in Figures Copy, Word List Recognition and Modified Boston Naming Test. Though the included patient group was rather homogeneous regarding severity of dementia, the cognitive changes were very heterogeneous. CONCLUSION: Given the heterogeneity of cognitive decline, the design of a test battery for clinical trials in FTD will be challenging. A cognitive battery should definitely include the MMSE, Word List Learning and Word List Delayed Recall.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A minority of bvFTD (20%) may present with intact cognition at first visit, and thereafter cognitive decline is variable.
“A minority of bvFTD (20%) may present with intact cognition at first visit, and thereafter, cognitive decline is variable (Hornberger et al., 2008; Diehl-Schmid et al., 2011; Devenney et al., 2015).”
From The pursuit for markers of disease progression in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: a scoping review to optimize outcome measures for clinical trials (2024) · cites this paper as Diehl-Schmid et al., 2011
Cites
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria
Neary, D., Snowden, J. S., Gustafson, L., Passant, U., Stuss, D., Black, S., Freedman, M., Kertesz, A., Robert, P. H., Albert, M., et al. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.6.1546 · Cited by 5,047 · see citing works
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory
Cummings, J. L. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.5_suppl_6.10s · Cited by 2,017 · see citing works
Clinical Gerontology; A Guide to Assessment and Intervention
Essa, M. (1987) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.3.478 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Welsh, K. A., Butters, N., Mohs, R. C., Beekly, D., Edland, S., Fillenbaum, G., & Heyman, A. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.4.609 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Clinical Gerontology: A Guide to Assessment and Intervention
Brink, T. L. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Clinicopathological correlates in frontotemporal dementia
Hodges, J. R., Davies, R. R., Xuereb, J. H., Casey, B., Broe, M., Bak, T. H., Kril, J. J., & Halliday, G. M. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20203 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Frontal behavioral inventory: diagnostic criteria for frontal lobe dementi
Kertesz, A., Davidson, W., & Fox, H. (1997) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100021053 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Kramer, J. H., Jurik, J., Sha, S. J., Rankin, K., Rosen, H. J., Johnson, J. K., & Miller, B. L. (2003) · Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology · doi:10.1097/00146965-200312000-00002 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Development of methodology for conducting clinical trials in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Knopman, D. S., Kramer, J. H., Boeve, B. F., Caselli, R. J., Graff-Radford, N. R., Mendez, M. F., Miller, B. L., & Mercaldo, N. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn234 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.3.390 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
A total score for the CERAD neuropsychological battery
Chandler, M. J., Lacritz, L. H., Hynan, L. S., Barnard, H. D., Allen, G., Deschner, M., Weiner, M. F., & Cullum, C. M. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000167607.63000.38 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
A systematic review of neurotransmitter deficits and treatments in frontotemporal dementia
Huey, E. D., Putnam, K. T., & Grafman, J. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000191304.55196.4d · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Han, L., Cole, M., Bellavance, F., McCusker, J., & Primeau, F. (2000) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610200006359 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Decline of cerebral glucose metabolism in frontotemporal dementia: a longitudinal 18F-FDG-PET-study
Diehl-Schmid, J., Grimmer, T., Drzezga, A., Bornschein, S., Riemenschneider, M., Förstl, H., Schwaiger, M., & Kurz, A. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.11.002 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationRate of progression differs in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease
Rascovsky, K., Salmon, D. P., Lipton, A. M., Leverenz, J. B., DeCarli, C. S., Jagust, W. J., Clark, C. M., Mendez, M. F., Tang‐Wai, D. F., Graff‐Radford, N. R., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000171343.43314.6e · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Rogers, T. T., Ivanoiu, A., Patterson, K. E., & Hodges, J. R. (2006) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.3.319 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
A longitudinal study of language decline in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
BLAIR, M., MARCZINSKI, C. A., DAVIS-FAROQUE, N., & KERTESZ, A. (2007) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617707070269 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Hodges, J. R., & Miller, B. L. (2001) · Neurocase · doi:10.1093/neucas/7.2.113 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Neurons and Their Dendrites in Frontotemporal Dementia
Ferrer, I. (1999) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000051214 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
A 6‐month, open‐label study of memantine in patients with frontotemporal dementia
Diehl‐Schmid, J., Förstl, H., Perneczky, R., Pohl, C., & Kurz, A. (2008) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1973 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationNatural History of Frontotemporal Dementia: Comparison with Alzheimer’s Disease
Pasquier, F., Richard, F., & Lebert, F. (2004) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000077148 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
An Open Label Study of Memantine Treatment in Three Subtypes of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Boxer, A., Lipton, A. M., Womack, K. B., Merrilees, J., Neuhaus, J., Pavlic, D., Gandhi, A. D., Red, D., Martin-Cook, K., Svetlik, D., et al. (2009) · Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e318197852f · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Distinct Antemortem Profiles in Patients With Pathologically Defined Frontotemporal Dementia
Grossman, M., Libon, D. J., Forman, M. S., Massimo, L. M., Wood, E. M., Moore, P., Anderson, C., Farmer, J. M., Chatterjee, A. K., Clark, C. M., et al. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.11.1601 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Frontotemporal dementia: patient characteristics, cognition, and behaviour
Diehl, J., & Kurz, A. (2002) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.709 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationDiehl, J., Monsch, A. U., Aebi, C., Wagenpfeil, S., Krapp, S., Grimmer, T., Seeley, W. W., Förstl, H., & Kurz, A. (2005) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988704272309 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationA longitudinal study of behavior in frontotemporal dementia and primary progressive aphasia.
Marczinski, C. A., Davidson, W., & KERTESZ, A. E. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Longitudinal Patterns of Regional Change on Volumetric MRI in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Whitwell, J. L., Anderson, V. M., Scahill, R. I., Rossor, M. N., & Fox, N. C. (2004) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000077160 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Longitudinal decline in autopsy-defined frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Grossman, M., Xie, S. X., Libon, D. J., Wang, X., Massimo, L., Moore, P., Vesely, L., Berkowitz, R., Chatterjee, A., Coslett, H. B., et al. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000303816.25065.bc · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Behavioral disturbances in the course of frontotemporal dementia
Diehl-Schmid, J., Pohl, C., Perneczky, R., Förstl, H., & Kurz, A. (2006) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000095625 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationOsher, J. E., Wicklund, A. H., RADEMAKER, A. W., Johnson, N., & Weıntraub, S. (2007) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317507307173 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Neuropsychological decline in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A longitudinal analysis.
Libon, D. J., Xie, S. X., Wang, X., Massimo, L. M., Moore, P., Vesely, L., Khan, A., Chatterjee, A. K., Coslett, H. B., Hurtig, H. I., et al. (2009) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0014995 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Borroni, B., Alberici, A., Grassi, M., Turla, M., Zanetti, O. O., Bianchetti, A., Volta, G. D., Rozzini, R., Gilberti, N., Bellelli, G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1208 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
MMSE Scores Decline at a Greater Rate in Frontotemporal Degeneration than in AD
Chow, T. W., Hynan, L. S., & Lipton, A. M. (2006) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000094870 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Rohrer, J. D., Warren, J. D., Omar, R., Mead, S., Beck, J. A., Révész, T., Holton, J. L., Stevens, J., Al‐Sarraj, S., Pickering-Brown, S. M., et al. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.65.4.506 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Rascovsky, K., Salmon, D. P., Hansen, L. A., & Galasko, D. R. (2008) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561770808051x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Frontotemporal Dementia Syndromes
Hodges, J. R. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316135457 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Wicklund, A. H., Rademaker, A., Johnson, N., Weitner, B. B., & Weintraub, S. (2007) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e31815bf8a5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Knopman, D. S., Boeve, B. F., Caselli, R. J., Graff‐Radford, N. R., Kramer, J. H., Mendez, M. F., & Miller, B. L. (2007) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e31815bf69d · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The neuropsychology of frontotemporal dementia
Hodges, J. R., & Patterson, K. E. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316135457.006 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cognition and neuropsychiatry in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia by disease stage
Ranasinghe, K. G., Rankin, K. P., Lobach, I. V., Kramer, J. H., Sturm, V. E., Bettcher, B. M., Possin, K., Christine You, S., Lamarre, A. K., Shany-Ur, T., et al. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002373 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Koppel, J., Sunday, S., Goldberg, T. E., Davies, P., Christen, E., & Greenwald, B. S. (2014) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.028 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
da Silva, T. B. L., Bahia, V. S., Carvalho, V. A., Guimarães, H. C., Caramelli, P., Balthazar, M. L. F., Damasceno, B. P., Bottino, C. M. D. C., Brucki, S. M. D., Nitríni, R., et al. (2014) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988714541874 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lima-Silva, T. B., Bahia, V. S., Carvalho, V. A., Guimarães, H. C., Caramelli, P., Balthazar, M., Damasceno, B., Bottino, C. M. D. C., Brucki, S. M. D., Mioshi, E., et al. (2013) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/s1980-57642013dn74000006 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The CERAD Neuropsychological Battery in Patients with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Haanpää, R. M., Suhonen, N., Hartikainen, P. H., Koivisto, A. M., Moilanen, V., Herukka, S., Hänninen, T., & Remes, A. M. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000380815 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dilcher, R., Malpas, C. B., O'Brien, T. J., & Vivash, L. E. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-221171 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fieldhouse, J. L. P., van Paassen, D. N., van Engelen, M.-P. E., De Boer, S. C. M., Hartog, W. L., Braak, S., Schoonmade, L. J., Schouws, S. N. T. M., Krudop, W. A., Oudega, M. L., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1382593 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Opposing orientations in interactions with individuals with Frontotemporal Dementia
Mikesell, L. (2016) · Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict · doi:10.1075/jlac.4.1.03mik · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Decision making in frontotemporal dementia: neuropsychological and neuroimaging assessments
Haghighi, S. T., Bertasini, C., Picari, R., & Paolone, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1632054 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dickerson, B. C. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316091586.019
Mikesell, L. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108339377.009
Dementia and Conversational Strategies
Muntigl, P., Plejert, C., & Jones, D. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108339377.008
Senior’s Mental Health and Latent Stage in Bipolar Disorder
Duarte, D., Passa, A.-M. D., Prokop-Millar, S., & Yaya, H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01297-5_9
- Authors
- Diehl-Schmid, J., Bornschein, S., Pohl, C., Förstl, H., Kurz, A., & Jahn, T.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Venue
- International Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 230-237
- ISSN
- 1041-6102 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998278788
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, cognitive decline, natural disease course, Mini-Mental State Examination, memory impairment, naming, word list learning, delayed recall, ceiling effect
- MeSH terms
- Cognition Disorders, Educational Status, Humans, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Time Factors, Age of Onset, Disease Progression, Frontotemporal Dementia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
