Cited by 102Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersWilliams Syndrome Research

Genetic basis of autism: is there a way forward?

Eapen, Valsamma·2011·Current Opinion in Psychiatry

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper outlines some of the key findings from genetic research carried out in the last 12-18 months, which indicate that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder involving interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. RECENT FINDINGS: The current literature highlights the presence of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in ASD with a number of underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. In this regard, there are at least three phenotypic presentations with distinct genetic underpinnings: autism plus phenotype characterized by syndromic ASD caused by rare, single-gene disorders; broad autism phenotype caused by genetic variations in single or multiple genes, each of these variations being common and distributed continually in the general population, but resulting in varying clinical phenotypes when it reaches a certain threshold through complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions; and severe and specific phenotype caused by 'de-novo' mutations in the patient or transmitted through asymptomatic carriers of such mutation. SUMMARY: Understanding the neurobiological processes by which genotypes become phenotypes, along with the advances in developmental neuroscience and neuronal networks at the cellular and molecular level, is paving the way for translational research involving targeted interventions of affected molecular pathways and early intervention programs that promote normal brain responses to stimuli and alter the developmental trajectory.

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Crossref · 10.1097/yco.0b013e328345927e

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105 of 105 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The overrepresentation of high-risk siblings in latent classes with subtly disturbed functioning is consonant with genetic models of autism spectrum disorder that encompass transmission of subclinical manifestations in a subset of first-degree relatives.

    “The overrepresentation of HR siblings among latent classes characterized by subtly disturbed levels of functioning is consonant with genetic models of ASD that encompass the transmission of subclinical manifestations of the autistic syndrome in a subset of first-degree relatives, on the basis of either incomplete penetrance or additive (multigenic) models of inheritance.39–41”

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Authors
Eapen, V.
Affiliations
Sydney South West Area Health Service (AU)
Corresponding author
Eapen, Valsamma
Venue
Current Opinion in Psychiatry
Published
2011-05
Volume
24
Issue
3
Pages
226-236
ISSN
0951-7367 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2334481864
Cited by
102
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
FWCI
1.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Opinion in Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, autism genetics, genetic heterogeneity, phenotypic heterogeneity, broader autism phenotype, de novo mutations, gene-environment interaction, epigenetics, genotype-phenotype correlation, early intervention, translational research
MeSH terms
Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Genotype, Humans, Phenotype, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics

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