Expression patterns of cryptochrome genes in avian retina suggest involvement of Cry4 in light-dependent magnetoreception
Open accessAbstract
The light-dependent magnetic compass of birds provides orientation information about the spatial alignment of the geomagnetic field. It is proposed to be located in the avian retina, and be mediated by a light-induced, biochemical radical-pair mechanism involving cryptochromes as putative receptor molecules. At the same time, cryptochromes are known for their role in the negative feedback loop in the circadian clock. We measured gene expression of Cry1, Cry2 and Cry4 in the retina, muscle and brain of zebra finches over the circadian day to assess whether they showed any circadian rhythmicity. We hypothesized that retinal cryptochromes involved in magnetoreception should be expressed at a constant level over the circadian day, because birds use a light-dependent magnetic compass for orientation not only during migration, but also for spatial orientation tasks in their daily life. Cryptochromes serving in circadian tasks, on the other hand, are expected to be expressed in a rhythmic (circadian) pattern. Cry1 and Cry2 displayed a daily variation in the retina as expected for circadian clock genes, while Cry4 expressed at constant levels over time. We conclude that Cry4 is the most likely candidate magnetoreceptor of the light-dependent magnetic compass in birds.
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Two studies have offered strong evidence for one of the four cryptochromes, Cry4, playing a role in the avian compass.
“More recently, two studies have offered strong evidence for one of these four cryptochromes, Cry4, playing a role in the avian compass.”
From The future of quantum biology (2018) · cites this paper as [105]
Cry4 is expressed at a constant level rather than a cyclical pattern.
“Cry4 is expressed at a constant level rather than a cyclical pattern; this constancy is necessary for efficient navigation [105].”
From The future of quantum biology (2018) · cites this paper as [105]
The constancy of Cry4 expression is necessary for efficient navigation.
“Cry4 is expressed at a constant level rather than a cyclical pattern; this constancy is necessary for efficient navigation [105].”
From The future of quantum biology (2018) · cites this paper as [105]
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- Authors
- Pinzon-Rodriguez, A., Bensch, S., & Muheim, R.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Pinzon-Rodriguez, Atticus
- Venue
- Journal of The Royal Society Interface
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 140
- Pages
- 20180058
- ISSN
- 1742-5662 (ISSN-L)
- 1742-5689
- PMC
- PMC5908540
- OpenAlex
- W2794674377
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 5.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of The Royal Society Interface (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Crafoordska Stiftelsen (2010-1001, 2013-0737)
- Vetenskapsrådet (2011-4765, 2015-04869)
- Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (568)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Keywords
- cryptochrome, avian retina, magnetoreception, zebra finch, circadian rhythm, clock genes, radical pair mechanism, gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Gene Expression Regulation, Orientation, Retina, Avian Proteins, Finches, Cryptochromes
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